Immune Memory and Vaccines

Question 1

What are three kinds of adaptive memory cells?

Answer 1

1-Memory B cells
2-Memory plasma cells
3-Memtory T cells (central and effector)

Question 2

Memory cells mirror pathogen specific effector cells, develop in secondary lymphoid tissue and persist in what 4 places?

Answer 2

1-Bone marrow
2-Secondary lymphoid tissues
3-Peripheral tissues
4-Circulation

Question 3

What are 6 ways memory cells differ from primary effector cells?

Answer 3

1-Specific restricted antigen response
2-Easily activated
3-Clonal expansion
4-B cell target refinement unnecessary
5-May undergo somatic hypermutation
6-Perists for months and replicate

Question 4

The secondary immune response activates ________ and inhibits _________

Answer 4

Memory B cells, Naive B cells

Question 5

Memory B cells improve with repeated exposure by forming what?

Answer 5

• More plasma and memory cells

- Cognate pairs with memory Tfh cells (germinal centers, class switching, somatic hypermutation)

Question 6

What cells have CD8 and CD4 subtypes, recirculate through tissues, and do not require CD28 co-stimulation?

Answer 6

Memory T cells

Question 7

What are the two classes of Memory T Cells?

Answer 7

1-Central memory cell

2-Effector memory cells

Question 8

Which class of T memory cells are L selectin positive, CCR7 positive, circulate in lymphoid organs and are stem cell like (can be activated by antigen and cytokines?

Answer 8

Central memory T cells

Question 9

Which class of Memory T cells and L selection negative, CCR7 negative, circulate in non-lymphoid tissue and are already differentiated (high levels of effector molecules)?

Answer 9

Effector memory T cells

Question 10

What do highly mutable pathogens do to immune memory?

Answer 10

Erode it (new antibodies must be made to keep up with the mutating antigens on the viral strain)

Question 11

What are 6 vaccination targets?

Answer 11

1-Viruses
2-Bacteria
3-Parasites
4-Small molecules
5-Cancer
6-Autoimmune disorders

Question 12

What are 7 types of vaccinations?

Answer 12

1-Attenuated live virus
2-Inactivated
3-Subunit
4-Conjugate
5-Toxoid (adjuvant)
6-DNA
7-Recombinant vector

Question 13

What was the first attenuated live virus vaccine?

Answer 13

Cowpox vaccine against smallpox virus

viral antigens are very similar so immune response to cowpox gives small pox immunity

Question 14

A virus that is isolated from a patient then cultured using another species to create a vaccine is what type?

Answer 14

Attenuated virus

Question 15

A compound that incites an adaptive immune response is called what?

Answer 15

Adjuvant

*broaden vaccine targets and improve efficacy

Question 16

anti-FHbp antibody keeps factor H from binding allowing complement to bind to the surface of Neisseria. This is an example of what type of vaccine?

Answer 16

Recombinant protein