Bacteriology Flashcards
Strep describes what characteristic of bacteria?
That it is chain-like or in a string
A tetrad duplex is called what?
Sarcinae
Staph describes what characteristic of bacteria?
clumped (like grapes)
Coma shaped bacteria are called what?
vibrio
Spirillum and Spirochetes are what shape?
spiral/corkscrew
When both the host and bacteria benefit, what is the relationship?
Mutualistic symbiosis
When the bacteria benefits but the host is unaffected, what is the relationship?
Commensalistic
When a bacteria directly or indirectly (through toxins) affects the host, what is the relationship?
Pathogenic (disease)
Bacteria that does not normally cause disease but can be pathogenic under some conditions are called what?
opportunistic/Pathobionts
70s Ribosomes are typical of what organism?
Bacteria
What are the 4 phases of bacterial replication?
1-Lag phase
2-Log phase
3-Stationary phase
4-Death phase
Toll like receptors bind to LPS on the cell wall which are referred to as what type of antigen?
O antigen
Gram + bacteria have a ___________ peptidoglycan layer whereas gram - have a ______ peptidoglycan layer and two _________
Thick, Thin, membranes
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species are examples of bacteria without what?
Cell wall (b-lactams are ineffective against this)
What protein is used to build flagella?
Flagellin
What filamentous adhesive organelle mediate contact between bacterial cells and other objects?
Pili (aka. fimbriae)
What three things are type IV Pili used for?
1-Conjugation
2-DNA binding/uptake
3-Motility
Protective layers of Polysaccharides on the bacterial surface are called what?
Capsules
Opsonic antigens are made in response to what antigen found on capsules?
Antigen K
Operons act on _____ sequence of DNA with _______ proteins.
1, many
Regulons act on _______ sequences with ________ or _________ proteins
multiple, 1 or many
Point mutations, gene duplication/deletion and chromosomal rearrangment are examples of what type of diversification?
Slow process
Phase variation, Antigenic variation, Transformation, conjugation and transduction are all examples of what type of diversification?
Fast Process
How do bacteria vary their surface antigens to avoid host immune response?
switching them on and off with varying frequencies
Primarily used for subculturing, which agar type is made of 5% sheep red blood cells in a nutrient agar base?
Sheep Blood Agar (SBA)
Clear, colorless zone around the bacterial colony on SBA is typical of what type of hemolysis?
Beta or complete hemolysis
Partial destruction of RBCs with greenish to brown discolored media on SBA is what type of hemolysis?
Alpha hemolysis
NO apparente hemolytic activity or discoloration of SBA is called what?
Gamma
Chocolate agar plates have the blood added to the agar when it is still hot enough to lyse the sheep RBCs and supplies special growth requirements for what two fastidious organisms?
Haemophilus infuenzae and N. Gonorrhea
Used primarily for isolating gram-positive organisms, what type of agar is 5% sheep red blood cells, colisitin and nalidixic acid to inhibit gram negative organisms?
Colisitin-nalidixic acid (CNA agar)
Both selective and differential, which medium has a lactose indicator and is used for many gram-negative bacilli?
MacConkey Agar (MAC)
*lactose fermenting gram-negativie bacilli are pink or red. non lactose fermenting are colorless
Which medium is excellent for rapid growth of most organisms? (except Haemophilus, some neisseria and anaerobes)
Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB)
Which medium was developed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation and contains vancomycin to inhibit gram (+), colisitin to inhibit gram (-), nystatin to inhibit yeast and trimethoprim lactate to inhibit proteus?
Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM)
When serotyping bacteria, which antigen is flagellin?
Antigen H
