Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - Cell Biology Flashcards
1
Q
Prokaryotes and examples
A
No nucleas e.g Bacteria and archea
2
Q
Eukaryotes and examples
A
With nuclease e.g humans, animals
3
Q
Name characteristics of prokaryotes
A
- No nucleas
- No membrane bound organelles
- Smallest cell
- Circular/free DNA
- Nearly all have a flagella
- Most have a cell wall
4
Q
Name characteristics of eukaryotes
A
- Nucleas
- Larger than many other cells
- DNA in nucleas
- Membrane bound organelles
5
Q
Name the organelles in bacterial cells
A
- No nucleas
- Circular strand of DNA
- NO chloroplasts or mitochondria
- Cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm
6
Q
Give features of the parts in sperm cells
A
- Acrosome - located in the tip of the head which contains enzymes in order to penetrate through the egg cell
- Flagellum - allows it to swim to egg cell
- Lots of mitochondria to swim
- Head - contains most of the genetic material
7
Q
How are nerve cells adapted to their role?
A
Long axon - Increase travel distance
Myelin Sheath - Stop electrical nerve signals leaking out
Dendrites - Transfer electrical messages
8
Q
Muscle cell adaptations
A
- Protein fibres - allows the muscle to move
- Lots of mitochondria - generates energy
9
Q
Xylem cell adaptations
A
- Lignin - Strengthens cell walls
- Broken end walls - Allows water movement
10
Q
Phloem cell adaptations
A
- Sieve tubes - specialed for transport and have no nuclei.
- Companion cells - transport of substances in phloem need energy. 1 or more c cells atached to sieve tube to provide energy
