Enzymes - Organisation P1

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

They are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 2

What are enzymes made up of?

Answer 2

Proteins (long chains of amino acids)

Question 3

What reaction does amylase catalyse?

Answer 3

Starch -> simple sugars (glucose)

Question 4

What reaction does lipase catalyse?

Answer 4

Fats -> glycerol and fatty acids

Question 5

What reaction does protease catalyse?

Answer 5

Proteins -> amino acids

Question 6

What is the active site?

Answer 6

Where the substrate goes

Question 7

Is the active site a specific or random shape?

Answer 7

Specific

Question 8

What is it called when the substrate and enzyme join?

Answer 8

Enzyme-substrate complex

Question 9

What happens in the enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 9

The enzyme breaks or builds bonds whether if it is a breakdown or synthesis enzyme

Question 10

Is the enzyme changed after the reaction?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What 2 factors affect enzyme reactivity?

Answer 11

Ph and Temperature (Higher Temperature means molecules move faster)

Question 12

What happens when the temperature gets too high (above 37 degrees)?

Answer 12

The enzyme is denatured

Question 13

What does denatured mean?

Answer 13

When the enzyme starts to unravel and the active site’s shape starts to change so that the substrate is not able to fit - the enzyme won’t be able to function.

Question 14

What are the effects of pH on the enzyme reaction?

Answer 14

• Changes shape of molecule
• Changes active site
• Active site no longer works
• Enzyme can’t perform function

Question 15

Discuss the main metabolic reactions enzymes are involved in

Answer 15

• Build large molecules
• Change one molecule to another
• Breakdown of large molecules

Question 16

Describe the structure of enzymes.

Answer 16

Enzymes are made out of long chains of amino acids, they have a unique active site and they are folded.

Question 17

How do you work out the rate of reaction from a graph?

Answer 17

Find the gradient - change in mass / change in time

Question 18

What is emulsification?

Answer 18

Bile breaks up fats into tiny droplets`

Question 19

What does emulsification do?

Answer 19

Tiny droplets have a higher surface area than the original fat drop. This increases the rate of lipase-catalysed reactions that break fats down

Question 20

Where are enzymes produced?

Answer 20

Glands and gut lining

Question 21

Explain how increasing the temperature can cause an enzyme to denature.

Answer 21

• High temperatures start to break the bonds holding the enzyme together

This causes the enzyme and it’s active site to change shape
This means the enzymes active site will no longer be complementary to the substrate

Question 22

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 22

Salivary, small intestine, pancreas

Question 23

Where is protease produced?

Answer 23

Stomach, small inestine, pancreas

Question 24

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 24

Small intestine, pancreas

Question 25

Where is bile produced,stored and released?

Answer 25

Produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, released into the small intestine

Question 26

Why is bile effective?

Answer 26

• HCL in stomach makes pH too acidic for enzymes in SI to work properly
• Bile is alkaline - neutralises acid and makes condition alkaline (enzymes work best in this condition)
• Emulsifies fats (breaks fats into tiny droplets - increases SA for lipase to work on - makes digestion faster