Allotropes of Carbon - Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What is the formula for diamond?
C
What is the formula for buckministerfullerene?
C₆₀
What is the formula for graphite?
C
What is the formula for graphene?
C
Diamond, buckministerfullerene, graphite and graphene all have high melting and boiling points. True or False
False - buckministerfullerene has a low melting an boiling point
Which 2 allotropes are conductors?
Graphite and graphene
Which 2 allotropes are insulators?
Buckministerfullerene and diamond
How many covalent bonds does diamond have?
4
How many covalent bonds does buckministerfullerene have?
90
How many covalent bonds does graphite have?
3
How many covalent bonds does graphene have?
3
Why does diamond have a high melting and boiling point?
It has very strong covalent bonds - needs a lot of energy to break
Why does graphite have a high melting and boiling point?
The strong covalent bonds that hold the carbon atoms together in the layers require a lot of energy to break.
Why does graphene have a high melting and boiling point?
Strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
Why does buckministerfullerene have a low melting and boiling point?
There are weak intermolecular forces between molecules that require little energy to break
Describe the strength of diamond
Very hard - 4 bonds form a rigid structure
Describe the strength of graphite
Soft and slippery - layers can slip off easily which is why it’s used in pencils
Describe the strength of buckministerfullerene
Soft and brittle
Describe the strength of graphene
Very strong
Which 4 of the allotropes of carbon has a low melting and boiling point?
Buckministerfullerene
Why is graphite soft and slippery?
It has a layered structure and the bond is broken easily because there are no covalent bonds and weak intermolecular forces between the layers.
Why is graphene very strong?
It has very strong covalent bonds which require lots of energy to break - it is also arranged in a giant lattice.
Why can graphite be used as a lubricant?
It has weak forces between molecules which means layers can slip easily
What are fullerenes
Allotropes of carbon, made by bending sheets of graphene into hollow structures.
Why is it easy for group 1 atoms to lose one electron?
It requires very little enegry
If an atom is losing an electron, which side of the equation would it be? Left or right
Right
Uses of graphene
In electronics
Uses of fullerenes
- Deliver drugs into certain parts of body - has a cage like structure
- Huge SA - gret industrial catalysts - individal catalyst molecules could be attached to the fullerenes
- Lubricants
What can fullerenes form and what do they do?
- Nanotubes - tiny carbon cylinders
- ratio between length and diamter is v high
- can conduct electricity and thermal energy
- high tensile strength (dont break when stretched)
- Used in electronics or to strengthen matierals w/o adding much weight eg tennis racket frames
What is the tech called that uses small particles like nanotubes
nanotechnology
What can the sheets from graphene form?
Can be folded into tubes and spheres aka fullerenes
first circular fullerene?
buckministerfullerene c60
