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Geography > Powers and Borders - Ukraine and Russia CS > Flashcards

Powers and Borders - Ukraine and Russia CS Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are the main actors?

A

Ukraine and Russia

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2
Q

Why is there a territorial integrity/sovereignty issue? (1991)

A

In 1991, the USSR collapsed, with Russia losing a lot of power and land.

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3
Q

Why is there a territorial integrity/sovereignty issue? (2013)

A

In 2013, the Ukrainian President Yanukovych accepted a loan from Russia over the EU, causing civil conflict in Ukraine.

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4
Q

Why is there a territorial integrity/sovereignty issue? (2014)

A

The invasion of Crimea in 2014 caused further conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Separatist regions in Ukraine wanted to be a part of Russia.

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5
Q

Why is there a territorial integrity/sovereignty issue? (2022)

A

Russia has invaded Ukraine with 120,000 troops and is dropping bombs in Kiev.

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6
Q

Why is the issue complex for Ukraine?

A

Ukraine’s territorial integrity and sovereignty are being challenged, both by Russia and the separatist regions in the country.

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7
Q

Why is the issue complex for Russia?

A

Russia claims Ukraine as part of ‘old Russia’. Both Russian and Ukrainian governments lay a claim to Ukrainian land.

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8
Q

What is a key SOCIAL cause of the issue?

A

Areas in Ukraine have Russian people who would prefer to be a part of Russia. These are the separatist areas in Ukraine.

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9
Q

What is a key ECONOMIC cause of the issue?

A

Ukraine and specifically the Crimea region have warm water ports which is valuable to Russia’s economy.

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10
Q

What is a key POLITICAL cause of the issue?

A

Ukraine accepted a huge loan from Russia in 2013, causing civil conflict and the then President Yakonovich being forced to flee the country.

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10
Q

What is a key POLITICAL cause of the issue?

A

Ukraine accepted a huge loan from Russia in 2013, causing civil conflict and the then President Yanukovych being forced to flee the country.

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11
Q

What is a key ENVIRONMENTAL cause of the issue?

A

Taking Ukraine’s land would distance the key areas of Russia from the West (less control for Western countries over Russia). It would also hinder the Northern European Plain.

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12
Q

What are the LOCAL challenges to governments?

A

Governments in separatist areas such as Luhansk and Donetsk do not have the power to enforce laws and are still part of Ukraine.

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13
Q

What are the GLOBAL challenges to governments?

A

The invasion of Kiev in 2022 by Russian military challenges the Kiev governments territorial integrity.

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14
Q

What is a LOCAL impact on people?

A

Ukrainian people will be forced to flee, becoming migrants and refugees.

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15
Q

What is a GLOBAL impact on people?

A

Neighbouring countries will receive an abundance of migrants and refugees from Ukraine.

16
Q

What are the main areas affected and involved in Ukraine?

A

Kiev and Crimea are being attacked. Luhansk and Donetsk are separatist regions.

17
Q

What are the neighbouring countries bordering Ukraine?

A

Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Belarus and Moldova (and obviously Russia)

18
Q

Why is PHYSICAL geography a cause of territorial integrity issues for Ukraine?

A

The Northern European Plain provides access from Europe to Russia. With Russia invading Ukraine, this allows Russia to have more control of this plain, allowing troops to easily go through Europe.

Belarus is an ally to Russia, essentially being controlled by Russian government. This leads to Russian troops moving through Belarus to invade Ukraine and particularly Kiev from another angle.

19
Q

How is NATO a cause of territorial integrity issues for Ukraine?

A

The North Atlantic Treat Ogranisation (NATO) is the world’s most powerful military alliance, having 30 members.

Russia opposes NATO bases near its borders and has guarantees that NATO won’t expand eastwards.

Ukraine was unable to join NATO because of their conflict with Russia.

20
Q

What is the Donbass region?

A

The Donbass region is a part of eastern Ukraine that occupies separatist areas such as Luhansk and Donetsk.

The Donbass region challenges Ukraine’s territorial integrity and sovereignty as it does not give them absolute authority over their land.

21
Q

How many people in the Donbass region are IDPs?

A

1.5 million people from the Donbass region are IDPs, internally displaced people.

22
Q

How many people have fled to Poland from Ukraine?

A

120,000 people, mainly women and children, have fled to Poland.

23
Q

What is the movement of people between Russia and Ukraine?

A

600,000 residents of Eastern Ukraine have moved into Russia or other countries.

200,000 Russians have been moved to Crimea to strengthen their sovereignty. 30,000 apartments have also been built here.

24
Q

What challenges does the Ukrainian government face?

A
  • Invasion and annexation of Crimea (2014): by Russian federation shortly after the election of the pro-west Poroshenko gov
  • Military conflict in Donbass region of Eastern Ukraine where pro-Russian separatists were supported by Russian federation with manpower, weaponry and finance
25
Q

What are the impacts of challenged sovereignty on places?

A
  • Donestk airport has become a scene of heavy fighting rockets fired on Ukraine military HQ
  • Donbass industrial and residential areas suffered loss of power, water supply and gas
  • Areas of steppes & forests that are prone to fire in dry summer have been burning more than usual
26
Q

What were the international responses?

A
  • Assistance from NATO and the Organisation for Security and Co-operative Europe (OSCE)
  • Ukraine gov needs to reform the state apparatus - development of electoral system which is fair, transparent and reliable
27
Q

What did the government fail in doing after Ukraine gained independence?

A
  • Failed to achieve democracy and economic reform after this

Geography (63 decks)

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