Oceans - 10 Syme side Flashcards
Why do people choose to migrate using oceans?
- No barriers
- Boats cheaper - affordable
What is a refugee?
A person owing to a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality of political opinion outside the country
How can refugees from landlocked countries become refugee migrants on the ocean?
Travel to the coast
Why do Western European countries attract migrants?
- Historic links
- Stability
- Jobs
Why is the Mediterranean a flow for refugees travelling by boats?
Greater disparities between human development index
What (or who) fuels the number of migrants wishing to come to Western Europe?
- Family connections
- Language
- Strong historic links
- Lack of political instability
What governance is available to deal with the causes and consequences of migration by oceans?
- The United Nations for High Commissioner for Refugees
- EU -> Frontex
What is Frontex?
EU border agency
How many EU fund do Frontex receive?
$ 1 billion
What do the EU fund?
- Boats
- Assist Libyan coast guards -> drones
What are the detention centres in Libya known for?
- Human trafficking
- Human rights violation
- Gang based violence
How many unauthorised immigrants are there?
1 in 5 immigrants in Europe
Where do most migrants come from?
Algeria, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Kosovo
How much did Italy pay coast guards to intercept?
€90 million
How did the Italian and Libyans deal cut migration flows?
From 181,000 - 9300
What has the interception of smuggling crafts led to?
- Torture
- Rape
- Murder
What did the IDM argue?
That there should be more legal routes for people to come to Europe
What kind of boats are migrants trying to flee in?
Wooden
How many refugees were presumed dead in 2020?
980
How many people were intercepted and returned back to Libya in 2021?
31,500
What political factor influenced the migration crisis?
The assassination of Gaddafi plunged Libya into Chaos
What issues have arisen in Greek refugee camps?
- Overcrowding
- Inadequate
- Dangerous
- Humanitarian needs not being met
Why have problems arisen in Greek camps?
- Greek govt failed to identify gaps NGOs need to fill
- Govt indecisiveness - chain of organisations funding must go through
What is the capacity of the Samos centre?
700-800
How many people was the Samos centre housing?
1400
How did Britain fail to manage migrants?
Inflatable dinghy capsized-> 27 people drowned
What was the aim of Brexit?
To take back control of UK borders -> restrictive “nationality and borders bill”
What is “ push back”?
Physically pushing people and their boats back , back from the European border and preventing them from docking
How many pushback was Frontex involved in?
957 in the Aegean Sea
