Coasts - North Yorkshire, Holderness Coast CS - HE

Question 1

Where do the predominant winds come from?

Answer 1

The North East

Question 2

How much material is deposited at spurn point?

Answer 2

3%

Question 3

Where does the eroded material travel?

Answer 3

Southwards

Question 4

Why is coastal management needed?

Answer 4

• Protect economic assets -> tourism/gas terminal/port
• Protect residential areas
• To appease citizens campaigns
• To address previous management issues
• To manage retreat the line
• To protect SSSI

Question 5

What type of geology is at the Holderness coastline?

Answer 5

• Boulder clay + glacial till
• Limited sediment replacement

Question 6

What type of fetch and waves occur here?

Answer 6

• Long fetch
• Strong destructive waves

Question 7

What are the beaches like on the Holderness coastline?

Answer 7

Small + narrow

Question 8

By how much is the Holderness eroding?

Answer 8

2 m/yr

Question 9

How many shoreline management plans are there in the UK?

Answer 9

22

Question 10

What protection is put in place in Scarborough?

Answer 10

• Protecting £300 million assets from £25.7 million coastal defence schemes

Question 11

What are the key places along the Holderness coastline receiving management?

Answer 11

• Bridlington
• Skipsea
• Hornsea
• Mappleton
• Withernsea
• Easington

Question 12

What management at Bridlington?

Answer 12

Groynes

Question 13

What management at Skipsea?

Answer 13

• Limited defences protect residential properties
• No groynes, limited beach material arrives

Question 14

What management is implemented at Hornsea?

Answer 14

• Sea wall protecting holiday resort with a promenade and hotel frontage
• Wooden Groynes repaired and built at a cost of £5.2 million

Question 15

Why is it important to protect Mappleton?

Answer 15

• Protection of the B1242 road - tourism
• High rates of erosion at Mappleton >2m a year
• Cowden Farm and Grange Farm at risk
• 30 homes need protecting

Question 16

What management has been developed at Mappleton?

Answer 16

• Hold the line
• L shaped revetments (£2 million)
• Rock groynes (scandinavian granite) and a 450m line of rock revetments
• Cliffs at Mappleton regraded and planted to a reduced angle and therefore more stable.

Question 17

What are the unintended consequences of management at Mappleton?

Answer 17

• Farmers have lost land eg Cowden Farm and Grange Farm Terminal groyne syndrome prevalent .
• Huge crenulated bays carved out immediately after hard engineering at Mappleton
• Reduced amount of sediment transported south to Spurn Point Spit and Humber estuary

Question 18

What are the intended consequences of management at Mappleton?

Answer 18

• Kinetic and potential erosional energy of the waves NO longer an issue
• High tide no longer reaches the cliff line
• Large sandy beach retained.
• Erosion is NO longer a threat

Question 19

What management has been developed at Withernsea?

Answer 19

• Advance the line 9 times
• Sea wall, rip rap in front of it, and rip rap extended to halt TGS
• Defences cost £6.2 million -> good value save seasonal jobs

Question 20

Why did Easington gas terminal need protecting?

Answer 20

• Protecting economic and strategic assets
• Provides UK 25% of energy
• Protect SSSIs, lagoons and bird sanctuary
• Increased rates of erosion

Question 21

What management has been developed at Easington?

Answer 21

• £4.5 million defences
• 1991 1 Km revetment using 130,000 tons of rock was placed against the current cliff line.

Question 22

What is Spurn Point spit protecting?

Answer 22

• Humber estuary -> shipping lanes in Humber port
• Hull offshore wind farm industry

Question 23

How much land has been lost since roman times?

Answer 23

• 3 miles

Question 24

What are the three main changes to the coastline?

Answer 24

• Coastline retreat
• Spurn point has become more recurved with a salt marsh behind it -> more deposits