Oceans - 11 Piracy Syme side Flashcards
what’s the first definition of piracy?
kidnapping for ransom, typical of the attacks seen off the coast of Somalia
what’s the second definition of piracy?
hijacking with the intent to steal the vessel or the cargo - far East
what is the third definition of piracy?
simple maritime robbery, which occurs throughout West Africa
what has caused the rise in piracy?
- rise in transcontinental shipping
- concept of globalisation
- money
what explain the location of most piracy?
- western Indian Ocean
- south east Asian seas
- most near choke points
what are some of the complex reasons for piracy?
- dysfunctional government
- low HDI
- links to crime networks
what are the national and international measures to combat piracy?
- increased job opportunities
- sea based policing
- trained defence against attacks
how many attacks reported from Somalia?
236
since when has piracy reduced?
2011/12
where has the spillover of terrestrial conflicts onto the maritime domain increased?
india ocean
what threats to global maritime occur in the Americas and the Caribbean Arc?
- piracy decreased
- smuggling increased
- narcotraffic increased
where is piracy increasing?
south east Asia and Pacific Ocean
where has there been a downward trend of piracy?
- indian ocean
- Gulf of Guinea
why is piracy hard to deal with in West Africa?
because its within Nigeria and Guineas own waters
why is it hard to eradicate piracy in the Gulf of Guinea?
- weak navies
- not along major national waters
what can be sold on the black market in the Gulf of Guinea?
crude oil
how is piracy facilitated in Nigeria?
corrupt Nigerian government
what issue is Nigeria facing which is much more important than piracy?
Jihadist Insurrections
how did Chavez wanting a socialist equality through Bolivian revolution lead to piracy?
- economic mismanagement > jobs lost
what economic factor has lead to piracy in Venezuela?
foreign firms were handed over to locals, but many didn’t know how to run it > failed
how much on an average did Venezuela lose from not eating in 2017?
12kg
what issues stemmed from Venezuela’s economic downturn?
food and medicine shortages
what is the piracy in Somalia caused by?
- poverty
- lack of opportunities
- political instability
- lack of an effective government and law enforcement
what increased the poverty in Somalia?
presence of foreign fishing vessels
what kind of state is Somalia?
fragile (me lol)
how does piracy help individuals?
to make a living an support their families
where is Somalia located?
- busiest shipping lanes > large commercial ships
what problems need to be addressed in Somalia?
- poverty
- instability
- building effective governance
- law enforcement
- measures to protect shipping lanes -> deter piracy
what has been done to combat piracy?
- Operation Ocean Shield -> 3 month renewal (2021)
- Best management practices -> harden ship, train crew, enhanced lookout, armed private security on board
- private security contractors -> help evade laws that prevent crews from bringing weapons into waters
how much has piracy reduced in 1 year?
90%
what are private security contractors supplied by?
“Floating Armouries”
what has been done to combat piracy in Somalia?
- authorities launched a comprehensive anti piracy campaign
- maritime police force
what has been done to combat piracy in West Africa?
- Togolese army -> private security companies to guard anchored vessels-port lane
- Côte d’Ivoire expand navy by 40 vessels
- Nigeria -> anti-piracy surveillance
- anti piracy code adopted by 22 west African countries -> 2013
why is it difficult to combat piracy?
- Somali attacks happen in international waters -> no standing government or navies
- west African counties deny attacks taken place
