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Geography > Oceans - 11 Piracy Syme side > Flashcards

Oceans - 11 Piracy Syme side Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s the first definition of piracy?

A

kidnapping for ransom, typical of the attacks seen off the coast of Somalia

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2
Q

what’s the second definition of piracy?

A

hijacking with the intent to steal the vessel or the cargo - far East

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3
Q

what is the third definition of piracy?

A

simple maritime robbery, which occurs throughout West Africa

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4
Q

what has caused the rise in piracy?

A
  • rise in transcontinental shipping
  • concept of globalisation
  • money
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5
Q

what explain the location of most piracy?

A
  • western Indian Ocean
  • south east Asian seas
  • most near choke points
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6
Q

what are some of the complex reasons for piracy?

A
  • dysfunctional government
  • low HDI
  • links to crime networks
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7
Q

what are the national and international measures to combat piracy?

A
  • increased job opportunities
  • sea based policing
  • trained defence against attacks
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8
Q

how many attacks reported from Somalia?

A

236

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9
Q

since when has piracy reduced?

A

2011/12

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10
Q

where has the spillover of terrestrial conflicts onto the maritime domain increased?

A

india ocean

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11
Q

what threats to global maritime occur in the Americas and the Caribbean Arc?

A
  • piracy decreased
  • smuggling increased
  • narcotraffic increased
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12
Q

where is piracy increasing?

A

south east Asia and Pacific Ocean

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13
Q

where has there been a downward trend of piracy?

A
  • indian ocean
  • Gulf of Guinea
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14
Q

why is piracy hard to deal with in West Africa?

A

because its within Nigeria and Guineas own waters

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15
Q

why is it hard to eradicate piracy in the Gulf of Guinea?

A
  • weak navies
  • not along major national waters
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16
Q

what can be sold on the black market in the Gulf of Guinea?

A

crude oil

17
Q

how is piracy facilitated in Nigeria?

A

corrupt Nigerian government

18
Q

what issue is Nigeria facing which is much more important than piracy?

A

Jihadist Insurrections

19
Q

how did Chavez wanting a socialist equality through Bolivian revolution lead to piracy?

A
  • economic mismanagement > jobs lost
20
Q

what economic factor has lead to piracy in Venezuela?

A

foreign firms were handed over to locals, but many didn’t know how to run it > failed

21
Q

how much on an average did Venezuela lose from not eating in 2017?

A

12kg

22
Q

what issues stemmed from Venezuela’s economic downturn?

A

food and medicine shortages

23
Q

what is the piracy in Somalia caused by?

A
  • poverty
  • lack of opportunities
  • political instability
  • lack of an effective government and law enforcement
24
Q

what increased the poverty in Somalia?

A

presence of foreign fishing vessels

25
Q

what kind of state is Somalia?

A

fragile (me lol)

26
Q

how does piracy help individuals?

A

to make a living an support their families

27
Q

where is Somalia located?

A
  • busiest shipping lanes > large commercial ships
28
Q

what problems need to be addressed in Somalia?

A
  • poverty
  • instability
  • building effective governance
  • law enforcement
  • measures to protect shipping lanes -> deter piracy
29
Q

what has been done to combat piracy?

A
  • Operation Ocean Shield -> 3 month renewal (2021)
  • Best management practices -> harden ship, train crew, enhanced lookout, armed private security on board
  • private security contractors -> help evade laws that prevent crews from bringing weapons into waters
30
Q

how much has piracy reduced in 1 year?

A

90%

31
Q

what are private security contractors supplied by?

A

“Floating Armouries”

32
Q

what has been done to combat piracy in Somalia?

A
  • authorities launched a comprehensive anti piracy campaign
  • maritime police force
33
Q

what has been done to combat piracy in West Africa?

A
  • Togolese army -> private security companies to guard anchored vessels-port lane
  • Côte d’Ivoire expand navy by 40 vessels
  • Nigeria -> anti-piracy surveillance
  • anti piracy code adopted by 22 west African countries -> 2013
34
Q

why is it difficult to combat piracy?

A
  • Somali attacks happen in international waters -> no standing government or navies
  • west African counties deny attacks taken place

Geography (63 decks)

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