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Geography > ELSS - Nile Basin CS > Flashcards

ELSS - Nile Basin CS Flashcards

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1
Q

How much of the African population does the Nile Basin host?

A

20%

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2
Q

What are the two tributaries?

A

-White Nile (Equatorial Plateau of East Africa)
-Blue Nile (Ethiopian Highlands)

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3
Q

Whats the second largest freshwater lake?

A

Lake Victoria

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4
Q

What are the riparian states of the Nile?

A

Burundi, DRC, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

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5
Q

Whats the biggest economic sector?

A

Agriculture

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6
Q

What can the nile river be used for?

A

Hydro electrical power

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7
Q

What is the dominant sector in most Nile riparian states?

A

Agriculture

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8
Q

How much of the renewable water resources do the countries near the Nile use?

A

Almost 90%

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9
Q

How much do Egypt account for all water withdrawals?

A

57%

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10
Q

How much does Sudan account for all water withdrawals?

A

31%

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11
Q

How is the stream flow of the Nile allocated?

A

-industrial
-domestic
-agricultural
-ecological water supply

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12
Q

How much of the Nile reaches the Mediterranean?

A

12-14 BCM

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13
Q

What did the 1929 Nile Waters Agreement - Anglo Egyptian Treaty grant?

A
  • Egypt annual water allocation of 48/84 BCM
  • Egypt veto power over construction projects to minimise water interference flow downstream
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14
Q

What did 1959 Nile Waters Agreement included?

A
  • Bilateral agreement between Egypt and Sudan
  • Increased Egypt water allocation to 55.5 BCM and Sudan to 18.5 BCM
  • No allowance for water needs of other states
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15
Q

How much water do the Ethiopian highlands supply?

A

> 80%

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16
Q

Why has conflict in the Nile Basin arisen?

A
  • Unfair allocation of water resources
  • States not allowed to construct along Nile River
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17
Q

Which riparian states said they weren’t party to the agreements made?

A
  • Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia
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18
Q

Who has threatened to go to war against other riparian states?

A

Egypt

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19
Q

What is the Nile Basin Initiative?

A

10/11 riparian states signed to enhance cooperation on the use of the common Nile Basin water resources.

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20
Q

What is the Shared Vision Objective?

A

‘To achieve sustainable socio-economic development through equitable utilisation of and benefit from the common Nile Basin resources’.

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21
Q

What is the highest political decision making body?

A

Nile Council of Ministers

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22
Q

What framework did NBI develop?

A

Cooperative Framework Agreement

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23
Q

What did the Cooperative Frame Work Agreement include?

A
  • Concept of equitable water allocation
    -Water security
24
Q

Who did not want to sign the framework agreement?

A

Egypt and Sudan

25
Q

What construction was in the process in 2011?

A

Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam

26
Q

What agreement was settled to resolve disputes surrounding the plan to construct the Dam in Ethiopia?

A

Khartoum Declaration

27
Q

What issue remains unresolved?

A

How water resources should be allocated between riparian states.

28
Q

Whose sovereignty could be potentially threatened?

A

Egypt

29
Q

Why could Egypt’s sovereignty be threatened?

A

Ethiopia have the ability to cause significant harm to the quantity and and quality of water flows downstream.

30
Q

How will the flows downstream of the Nile affected by Ethiopia’s dam?

A

The speed at which Ethiopia fill the dam will have an impact on the flows.

31
Q

How big is the reservoir going to be?

A

74 billion cubic meters

32
Q

Why is it better for Ethiopia to take a longer time to fill the reservoir?

A

So the water level doesn’t drop drastically.

33
Q

How long do Ethiopia want to take to fill the reservoir?

A

6 years

34
Q

Whose trying to mediate talks between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia?

A

US

35
Q

How could the reduction in river discharge affect Egyptians?

A
  • affect transport
  • affect livelihoods of farmers (irrigation)
  • Lake Nasser
36
Q

How much will agricultural production reduce by from a reduction in 1 BCM of water?

A

430 million USD

37
Q

How much of Ethiopians population is not connected to the grid?

A

65%

38
Q

Who else will benefit from the power generated by the Ethiopian dam?

A

Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti

39
Q

Why does Sudan benefit from the dam?

A
  • The dam will regulate the flow of water
  • Usually the country suffers from flooding
40
Q

Why is it not beneficial to Sudan?

A
  • farmers resorted to using diesel pumps
  • farmers who can’t afford pumps lose their job
41
Q

What arrangements must Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt agree on?

A
  • identification of drought conditions
  • a willingness from Egypt to constrain usage during such conditions
  • a willingness from Ethiopia to release additional water
42
Q

What lakes and wetlands minimise seasonal flow variation in the White Nile?

A

Lake Victoria and Sudd Wetland

43
Q

How floods limited during the wet season?

A

High evaporation rates from the Sudd Wetland

44
Q

What is the largest trasnboundary resource in the Nile Basin region?

A

Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System

45
Q

What are RAMSAR sites?

A

Wetlands of international importance

46
Q

What is the total capacity of lake Nasser?

A

168 BCM

47
Q

How many storage dams along the Nile?

A

14

48
Q

Why is it important to protect wetlands?

A
  • Increase surface water storage
  • Regulate river discharge during seasons
49
Q

What size is the Sudd wetland in the wet season?

A

90,000km^2

50
Q

How is the Sudd wetland sustained?

A
  • By the flow of the White Nile from Lake Victoria in Uganda
  • Rainfall runoff
51
Q

What type of vegetation does the Sudd wetlands have?

A
  • Swamps, river and rain flooded grasslands
  • Floodplain woodlands
52
Q

How would constructing canals around the Sudd affect flows of water?

A
  • Regulate floods
  • Reduce current evaporation
  • Release additional water for downstream countries
53
Q

What do the Nile Basin wetlands do for the surrounding area?

A
  • Protect people from floods
  • Reduce droughts
  • Control erosion
  • Improve water quality and hydrology
  • Store carbon
  • Irrigation
54
Q

How are wetlands threatened?

A
  • Pollution
  • Siltation
  • Conversions into agricultural land
  • Climate change
  • Deforestation dumping
55
Q

What is a wetland?

A

Is an area covered or submerged by surface or groundwater supporting plants and animals.

Geography (63 decks)

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