Migration - USA & Mexico CS Flashcards
How many immigrants lived in the US in 2013?
41.3 million
Who are the main contributors to how many immigrants live in the US?
Mexicans (28%)
Why do people immigrate to the US?
- The positive immigration policy and possibility of green card
- Employment opportunities for high and skilled workers
- Wage differentials + remittances
- The policy on refugee admission
- Educational opportunities + health
How does Mexico benefit from this migration corridor?
- Industry development of aerospace + IT sectors has been boosted due to FDI from USA
How does USA benefit from this migration corridor?
- Increased GDP + growth of economy
- Increased work force
- Mexico sell them raw materials and US sell for higher prices (trade)
What are the flows between the two countries?
- Remittances
- People: 50,000
- Trade - merchandise
How much trade per day?
$1.4 billion /day
What are some of the benefits of this relationship?
- Immigrants consumers themselves which helps job creation and business start ups generate wealth
- Immigrants take low paid jobs
- Young working age group contributing to tax in social benefit where crude birth rate decreasing and aging population increasing
How much of Mexican immigrants were in the service sector in the US in 2013?
31%
What measures have been put in place to manage migrant flows?
- Humanitarian relief -> temporary visas are available each year from natural disasters/conflict
- Tightening border control
- Admission of immigrants with skills valuable to US
- Promoting diversity programmes -> visas available fro countries with low rates of immigration to US
How many visas for immigrants with skills are available?
140,000
How many visas for promoting migration from other countries were available?
50,000
How have migrant flows increased?
- Since Biden presidency -> less obstacles -> got rid of the child separation policy
- Increased migrants from China and India
How have migrant flows decreased or stay same?
- Lack of hispanic immigrants changing as a result of deceleration of the Mexican influx -> Mexican returnees
What are some of the negatives of the relationship?
- Supply of resources ->scarce - pandemic surge across borders
- Uneven progress of integration within US society
- The US department of homeland security has tightened border controls on its southerns maritime Sutherland and west coast borders
How many unauthorised immigrants are there?
11.5 million
Why is there an uneven integration with US society?
- Language barrier
- Culture differences
- Political reasons
What did the congress pass in 2015?
New emigration bills
How many Mexicans migrate to the USA every year?
1 million+
Push factors from Mexico?
- Poor medical facilities (1800:1 doctors)
- Low paid jobs
- Poor adult literacy rates 55% are educated
- High unemployment 40%
Average monthly wage in the US?
$1,600
Average monthly wage in Mexico?
$230
Name 3 economic drawbacks to Mexico of migration.
- Rural areas have a shortage of economically active people
- Skill shortages in high tech/medicine
- Food shortages due to lack of agricultural workers
What has been the political impact of this migration flow?
- The US treatment of Mexican immigrants and issues with the border wall, have led to diplomatic problems between the two
Disadvantages to migrants to the US?
- May be subject to discrimination/ racial hate
- Illegals are vulnerable to deportation and human trafficking/ exploitation
What type of migration is this case study an example of?
- Labour migration
When did flows of migrants from Mexico and US increase?
Since 1980s
What is the current trend of migration between these to countries now?
Decline in migration from Mexico - USA
What is the USA and how much influence does it have on the global migration system?
It is an AC in North America and has a very large influence, driving change in the global migration system
