CSMP - Keywords and Concepts (Social Inequality)

Question 1

What is Social Inequality?

Answer 1

The unequal distribution of factors such as income, education and health across a population.

Question 2

What is Spatial Variation?

Answer 2

Differences across space (e.g. varying house prices between Norland Ward and Notting Dale).

Question 3

What is Temporal Change?

Answer 3

Changes through time (e.g. house prices in 1960s in Norland Ward are different from the place’s current prices today).

Question 4

What is Gentrification?

Answer 4

Movement of high income groups into places that were previously working-class neighbourhoods. This leads to both positive and negative effects to the community.

Question 5

What is Inward Investment?

Answer 5

Investment of money, resources and technology which flows into the place.

Question 6

What is a Gated Community?

Answer 6

A high-class, securitised residential development with fixed entry points.

Question 7

What is Digital Divide?

Answer 7

Division in the ability to be online and quality of internet connection - in the UK there is a contrast between urban centres and remote rural areas and the speed of their broadband and internet.

Question 8

What is the Cycle of Deprivation?

Answer 8

Vicious circle of linked negative economic, social and environmental changes in any area experiencing stresses such as those associated with deindustrialisation.

Question 9

What is Cyclical Economic Change?

Answer 9

Cycle of boom and bust in an economy (an economic recession).

Question 10

What is Broken Windows Theory?

Answer 10

A way of explaining people and their interactions with space. The culture of a community can deteriorate and change over time, with the influence of unwanted people and behaviours changing the landscape.

Question 11

How many recessions have there been?

Answer 11

6

Question 12

What are the names of the recessions?

Answer 12

• Panic of 1837
• Long depression
• Great Depression
  -1st and 2nd Oil crisis
• Financial crisis
• Covid-19 pandemic

Question 13

What is structural unemployment?

Answer 13

Is a type of long-term unemployment that has multiple causes, one of which is the inability of companies to provide employed people with jobs that fit their skill set

Question 14

What can cause structural unemployment?

Answer 14

Changes in tech or shift demographics

Question 15

What causes cyclical unemployment?

Answer 15

• Job losses during downturns and contraction in the business cycle
• Lack of demand

Question 16

What are austerity measures?

Answer 16

A set of economic policies, usually consisting of tax increases, spending cuts, or a combination of the two, used by governments to reduce budget deficits.