Pharmakinetics

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

what the body does to a drug

Question 2

Enteral

Answer 2

GI tract

Question 3

Parenteral

Answer 3

injection

Question 4

Absorption (Adme)

Answer 4

getting drug to systemic circulation: impacted by:

size of molecule, concentration across membranes, charge (unionized pass), solubility (hydrophobic cross membrane)

Question 5

A: transporters

Answer 5

Influx transporter: move drug into cell: OCT, OAT

efflux transporter: drug out of cell: p-gpolp

Question 6

A: bioavailability (F)

Answer 6

unaltered fraction of administered dose that reaches circulation: reduced by metabolism

Question 7

A: stomach and small intestine

Answer 7

first pass effect: metabolism of drug prior to entering circulation
gastric emptying
GI blood flow
stomach acid
interactions with food or drugs

Question 8

Distribution (aDme)

Answer 8

getting drug to tissues
drug binds to protein )albumin) to make complex, inactive
plasma protein binding is variable, unbound drug is therapeutic

Question 9

D: influenced by

Answer 9

size of organ, blood flow, disease sate , solubility, pH

Question 10

Metabolism (adMe)

Answer 10

biotransformation: drug is converted to metabolite in liver, may inactivate or activate drug

Question 11

M: phase 1

Answer 11

smooth ER: CYP450 enzymes

adds functional group to prep for excretion or phase 2

Question 12

M: Phase 2

Answer 12

conjugation reaction: react with functional group to make drug more water soluble for excretion

Question 13

pharmacogenetics

Answer 13

slow metabolism: no benefit and toxicity

ultra rapid: no benefit no toxicity

Question 14

Concentration (mass/volume)

Answer 14

C = Co(e^-kt)

Question 15

Apparent volume (Vd)

Answer 15

Vd = drug adminitered / drug concentration

Question 16

Clearance (volume/time)

Answer 16

Vd(k)

rate of elimination / plasma concentration

Question 17

half life

Answer 17

.693/k

Question 18

Area under curve (AUC)

Answer 18

total amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation

dose/clearance