Obesity

Question 1

Adipose Tissue

Answer 1

Hyperplasia: cell number increase
Hypertrophy: cell size increase

Question 2

Adipokines

Answer 2

Peptides that signal status of adipose tissue

Ex. Leptin, adiponectin

Question 3

Leptin

Answer 3

Peptide reduced by adipose: satiety hormone

Works with insulin to decrease appetite

Sleep deprivation and obesity can alter effectiveness

Uses JAKSTAT receptor (both insulin and leptin activate IRS2 and PI3K)

Question 4

Leptin Resistance

Answer 4

Acquired desensitation of receptors due to constant stimulation

Question 5

Leptin receptor deficiency

Answer 5

LEPR gene, defective receptor

Question 6

Leptin deficiency

Answer 6

LEP gene, OB gene

Absence of leptin

Question 7

Adiponectin

Answer 7

Opposite of leptin

Uses AMPK to tell muscle to increase beta oxidation and glucose uptake, tells liver to increase glycolysis and FAS

Question 8

AMPK

Answer 8

Alpha: catalytic, regulated by phosphorylation (active) of Thr172
Regulatory beta and gamma

Impaired action is hallmark of obesity related diseases

Question 9

Obesity

Answer 9

Overproduction of insulin, undersecretion of adiponectin

Decreased beta oxidation