Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

Glycolysis: rate limiting

Answer 1

PFK1:
(+) AMP, F26BP
(-) ATP, citrate

Question 2

Gluconeogenesis: rate limiting

Answer 2

F16BP

(-) AMP, F26BP

Question 3

Glyco: Hexokinase

Answer 3

I-III: high affinity for glucose, product inhibition
IV (glucokinase): only in liver and beta cells, low affinity - glucose sparing, clears high blood glucose, induced by insulin

Question 4

F26BP

Answer 4

glucagon = active FBPase2 = inactive F26BP = active FBPase1 = gluco
insulin = active PFK2 = active F26BP = active PFK1 = glyco

Question 5

Glyco: Pyruvate Kinase

Answer 5

PEP to pyruvate, highly regulated
Liver: glucagon activates PKA inactivates PK
All tissues: (+) F16BP, (-)acetyl CoA, LCFA inhibit

Question 6

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

Answer 6

Hemolytic Anemia: can’t produce ATP, alter membrane integrity, RBCs only have ATP from glycolysis bc no mito

Question 7

Gluco: Pyruvate carboxylase

Answer 7

Pyruvate to PEP

carboxylase: pyruvate to oxaloacetate, using B7

Question 8

Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

Answer 8

build up of pyruvate: increase lactate and ketones, decrease urea cycle