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pharmacology II > Pharm II, sedatives anxiolytics > Flashcards

Pharm II, sedatives anxiolytics Flashcards

1
Q

Physical sx of anxiety

A

tachycardia- trembling- sweating- palpationa

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2
Q

in general what do all of the anxity drugs have in common

A

sedative

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3
Q

what were the first antianxiety drugs to be discovered

A

barbiturates - they all have potent side effects

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4
Q

what will make anxiolytics moe sedative

A

adding alcohol

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5
Q

what are both barbituates and benzodiazepines noted for

A

tolerance - phycholocigal and physical dependence

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6
Q

receptors for benzos and barbs

A

bind adjacent to GABA receptors - which increases GABA receptors affinity to GAPA

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7
Q

what does GABA binding do

A

prolong Chloride ion channels

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8
Q

which drugs are rumored to be truth serum

A

barbiturates - they all have potent side effects

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9
Q

barbituates effect on pain

A

they do not have analgesic properties - it is used pre op to calm and to induce sleep prior to anesthesia

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10
Q

what are the 4 classifications of barbituates

A

ultra short - short- intermediated - long

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11
Q

ultra short acting barb

A

Thipental/Penthothal

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12
Q

how are ultra short acting barbs used

A

Thipental/Penthothal- IV - 1 minute

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13
Q

short acting barb

A

pentobarbitol/nembutal

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14
Q

how are short acting barbs used

A

pentobarbitol/nembutal - iv or ORAL 15-30 min onset- last 6-8 hrs

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15
Q

intermediate barb

A

butalbital/fiorinal talking about taking off market

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16
Q

how is intermediate barb used

A

butalbital/fiorinal - oral 20-40 min onset- lasting 6 hours

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17
Q

long acting barb

A

phenobarbital/luminal

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18
Q

use of long acting barb

A

phenobarbital/luminal - seizure disorders primarily - most commin - oldest med for seizure

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19
Q

how is long acting barb used

A

phenobarbital/luminal - onset 1 hr- duration 12 hours

20
Q

would you use a benzo or barb/phenobarbital as sedative

A

benzos are more commonly used as sedative over phenobarbatol

21
Q

what sedative drug is used as anti seizure more than sedative

A

barbituate - phenobarbital/luminal

22
Q

what is the concern if mixing barbituates with alcohol

A

respiratory depression

23
Q

MOA of benzodiazapines

A

bind adjacent to GABA receptors - which increases GABA receptors affinity to GAPA

24
Q

what ion channel does binding GABA open

A

Chloride ion channel - hyperpolarize neuron making it difficult to send excitatory signals.

25
Q

what 2 things can benzodiazepines be used for

A

seizures and muscle spasms- and then maybe anxiety

26
Q

what is a common short acting Benzo

A

alprozolan/xanax and midazolam/versed

27
Q

what is midaxolam/versed used for

A

short acting benzo-before endoscopy as sedation and anti anxiety

28
Q

Properties of versed

A

Benzo - sedative- anticonvulsant- amnestic retrograde amnesia muscle relaxant

29
Q

what are longer duration benzos used for

A

insomnia and anxiety

30
Q

longer duration benzo

A

Diazepam/valium - often used for seizure disorders

31
Q

how is versed used

A

benzo short acting - IV - syrup used for children

32
Q

when is diazepam/valium often used

A

Benzo - long acting - break through seizures in addition of anxiety and insomnia

33
Q

side effects of Valium

A

benzo - long acting - tolerance addiction drowsiness- rebound insomnia

34
Q

what is the benzo like sedative

A

zolpidem/ambien - eszopiclone/lunesta

35
Q

indication for benzo like sedatives

A

insomnia - it helps to fall asleep

36
Q

MOA of eszopiclone/lunesta

A

binds a receptor site adjacent to GABA although its different than the Benzo sight- it then helps GABA bind and keep the cloride ion channels open- hyperpolarizing nerve and supressing excitatory impulses

37
Q

side ieffects of eszopiclone/lunesta

A

benzo like sedative - mental effects before it actually allows you to fall asleep. Little drowsiness upon waking

38
Q

what is the melatonin agonist

A

Ramelton/Rozerem - newest class of sedative hyponics

39
Q

MOA of Ramelton/Rozerem

A

melatonin agonist - binds to MT1 and MT2 receptors to enhance action of endogenous melatonin helping maintain circadian rythem

40
Q

is Ramelton/Rozerem more or less affective than just melatonin

A

melatonin agonist - nothing says its better or worse

41
Q

what is benzo withdrawl syndrome

A

diazepam/valium - seizures and life threatening tachycardia and HTN

42
Q

benzo overdose symptoms

A

diazepam/Valium - CNS depression- impaired balance- ataxia and slurred speech

43
Q

antidote to benzo/valium

A

flumazenil/Romazicon - respiratory and CNS depression reversal

44
Q

moa of rlumazenil/romazicon

A

benzo receptor antagonist to reverse benzo effects

45
Q

how is Flumazenil/romazicon given

A

IV only - 2 min onset - one hour half life.

46
Q

romazicon - as a benzo antidote- what overdose effect is it not as good at reversing

A

Flumazenil/romazicon is not good at reversing respiratory depression

47
Q

what can flumazenil/romazicon cause

A

withdrawl symptoms like seizures

pharmacology II (31 decks)

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