Final other stuff: osteoporosis, reproductive, dementia etc

Question 1

which diuretics cause hypocalcemia

Answer 1

Loop diuretics: furosemide

Question 2

which diuretics cause hypercalcemia

Answer 2

Thiazides: chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide

Question 3

classes of osteoporosis drugs

Answer 3

Bisphosphenates: alendronate/Fosamax 
SERM: Raloxifene/evista
Syn calcitonin: calcitonin
synth parathyroid: teriparatide
Estrogen/HRT: Premarin, Prempro
Human anticlonal antibody: Denosumab
Statin: lovastatin
Phytoestrogens: isoflavones

Question 4

esophagitis, osteonecrosis of jaw, atypical femur fractures**Bad actor

Answer 4

Bisphosphonates: alendronate

Question 5

which osteoporosis increase cancer risk

Answer 5

Premarin: endometrial CA and Stroke
Prempro: (E+P) breast CA, stroke, MI

Question 6

what osteoporosis drug is used in cancer, RA, Multiple myeloma

Answer 6

human monoclonal antibody: denosumab

Question 7

MOA: osteoporosis drugs

Answer 7

bisphosphonates: alendronate: stop osteoclast
SERM: Raloxifene: modulate estrogen receptor
Synth Calcitonin: stop osteoclasts
synth parathyroid: teriperitide increase turnover, osteoblast increase more
Estrogen/HRD: Prempr, premarin, bind estrogen receptors
Human monoclonal antibodies: denosumab-Target Rankl to stop bone removal
Statin: pathway, may decreas fractures

Question 8

what osteoporosis drugs increases DVT risk, Stroke?

Answer 8

DVT: SERM - Raloxifene if had prior DVT, not for pregnancy
Stroke: Estrogens, Prempro and premarin

Question 9

what osteoporosis drug may increase risk of infection

Answer 9

Monoclonal antibody: densumab

Question 10

Calcium is best when

Answer 10

have not yet had fracture

Question 11

calcitriol

Answer 11

prescription Vit D, may raise Ca to high

Question 12

strontium may do what

Answer 12

increase osteoblastic activity, to much may weaken bone

Question 13

Reproductive, what ones are Category X

Answer 13

Premarin a conjugated estrogen is Category X

• uterine and breast cancer,
• DVT
• atherlsclreosis

Question 14

reproductive , which one has black box warnarning no longer than 2 years

Answer 14

Progesterone only: Depo-Provera, medroyxprogeserone

• risk of osteoporosis,
• birth defects if pregnant

Question 15

what reproductive drug reduces endometriosis risk 80%

Answer 15

Progesterone only: Depo provera, don’t use if hs of breast, ovarian or uterine cancer

Question 16

concern with combo pill

Answer 16

• metformin and antibitics reduce efficacy
• ## Reduce risk of Colorectal, ovarian and endometrial Ca

Question 17

IUD

Answer 17

Paraguard: copper
Marina: progestin
Skyla

Question 18

Problem with Nuva ring and patch

Answer 18

increased risk of blood clots over other birth control

Question 19

Morning afters

Answer 19

Progestin only: levonorgestrel Plan B
SPRM: Ella:
estrogen progestin combo
abortifactant: mifepristone:

Question 20

fertility drub

Answer 20

SERM: clomid

Question 21

Viagra: moa

Answer 21

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor: relaxes smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum by keeping Cyclic CMP around

Question 22

Viagra side effects

Answer 22

Priapism: extended erecton
cyanopsia
hypotension
nasal gongestion
Pulmonary hypotension***

Question 23

MOA Tricyclic antidepresant

Answer 23

Tricyclic antidepressant: amitriptyline

- Increase Serotonin and NE

Question 24

MOA Tetracyclic antidepressant

Answer 24

Tetracyclic antidepressant: trazodone/desyrel

• serotonin reuptake inhibitor and partial agonist to
• increase serotonin

Question 25

SSRI: Prozac

Answer 25

SSRI: Prozac | - increase serotonin by decreases presynaptic reuptake

Question 26

SNRI: Cymbalta

Answer 26

SNRI: Cymbalta - increase serotonin and NE - Decrease serotonin and NE reuptake

Question 27

NDRI: Bupropion/wellbutrin

Answer 27

NDRI: Buprobion/wellbutrion - increase dopamine and NE - reduce Dopamine and NE reuptake

Question 28

NDRI: Zyban

Answer 28

NDRI: zyban | - increase dopamine and NE

Question 29

How to the barbituates work?

Answer 29

Increase GABA binding by binding to receptor near GABA binding sight.

Question 30

name the barbituates

Answer 30

- Thiopental - ultra short - Pentobarbital - short - Butalbital - intermediate - Phenobarbital- long

Question 31

How to Benzodiazapenes work

Answer 31

Increase Gaba effect on Cl channel

Question 32

what are the benzos

Answer 32

- Versed- syrup/endoscope - Valium- seizures - Ambien- fall asleep sleep walking - Lunesta - no tolerance stay asleep

Question 33

Melatonin agonist: Ramelton

Answer 33

Binds MT1/2 receptors to enhance effects of mellatonin

Question 34

Benzo overdose

Answer 34

Romazicon: IV only

Question 35

antidote of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by antipsycotic Haldol

Answer 35

Dopamine agonist/Bromocriptine

Question 36

What are the typical neuroleptics

Answer 36

Thorazine: D2 block Compazine: HI block Haldolol: D2 - neuroleptic malignant

Question 37

What are the atypical neuroleptics

Answer 37

D2 and Serotonin (blockaide) elderly strokes and wt gain - clozapine - Risperdal - Zyprexa

Question 38

lithium salts

Answer 38

dampen transmission of NE and diminish glutamate response .

Question 39

what is the MOA or most dementia drugs

Answer 39

Acetycholinesterase inhibitors

Question 40

acetycholinesterase inhibitor dementia drugs

Answer 40

- Aricept - dementia - Exalon - young onset dementia - Galantamine - brain damaged adults

Question 41

Non acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor for dementia

Answer 41

NMDA glutamate receptor blocker: Namenda increased libido, insomnia and agitation severe

Question 42

Status epilepticus drugs

Answer 42

Ativan valium Dilantin Zarontin

Question 43

Absence seizure drugs

Answer 43

Zarontin: T type Ca channel ; giant gums

Question 44

tonic clonic drugs

Answer 44

Keppra: skin pigment Lamactil : bipolar Topamax Depakote : birth defects and giant gums (gaba)

Question 45

MOA of the antiseizure meds

Answer 45

most are barbituates or benzos so they are increasing the sensitivity to GABA

Question 46

moa dopamine precursor : sinemet | Parkinsons

Answer 46

Increase dopamine levels

Question 47

Dopamine agonist: Bromocriptine | Parkinsons

Answer 47

Mimic dopamine and stimulate receptors

Question 48

Anticholinergics: Cogentin | Parkinsons

Answer 48

Anticholinergic antagonist: also to diminish side effects of antipsycotic drugs like halodol

Question 49

MOA amandatine

Answer 49

antagonist of NMDA receptors, reduce dopamine reuptake