Diabetes Type 2 MOA

Question 1

Metformin

Answer 1

Biguinides
Decrease hepatic glucose
ingrease glucose sensitivity
NO Hypoglycemia

Question 2

Glipizide

Answer 2

Sulonyreas - 2nd gen
secreatagogues: increase insulin secretion
Yes - Hypo

Question 3

what are the three meds that cause hypoglycema alone

Answer 3

Glipizide: sulfonylureas
sitiglitatin: DPP4
Nateglinide: Meglitinides

Question 4

Nateglinide

Answer 4

meglitinide: secretagogues, increase insulin secretion
(Potassium channel blocking)
Yes hypo

Question 5

roxiglitazone

Answer 5

Glitazones: 
decrease insulin resistance
decrease hepatic glucose production
PPAR gene
No - Hypo
Yes- increase risk CHF

Question 6

acarbos

Answer 6

A glucosidease inhibitor: inhibit carb absorb at brush border
No- Hypo
Not for chronic intestinal issues

Question 7

antidote for Acarbos

Answer 7

Glucose not sucrose

Question 8

sitagliptin

Answer 8

DPP4 inhibitor: supress glucagon, potientiate insulin
Increase risk pancreantitis
Yes- hypoglycemia

Question 9

Pramlintide

Answer 9

Amylin aganoist analogue: slow gastric emptying, supress glucagon
No - Hypoglycemia
first approved in Type 1 since 1920

Question 10

exenatide

Answer 10

incretin mimic: only enhance glucose dependent insulin secretion
slow gastric emptying
NO- hypoglycemia
Gila monster saliva

Question 11

Which osteoporosis drugs Prevent osteoporosis

Answer 11

alandronate: bisphosphonates
Raloxifene: SERM
Prempro: estrogen
Denomaup: human monoclonal antibody
? levostatin: statin
Phytoestrogens: diet

Question 12

Bisphosphenates

Answer 12

Alondronate: inhibit osteoclast activity

Prevention and treatment

Question 13

SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulators

Answer 13

Ralozifene: bind estrogen receptors in bones, but its ant estrogenic in brest and endometrial tissue
Prevention

Question 14

Synthetic calcitonin

Answer 14

Inhibit osteoclast activity

Treatment only

Question 15

synthetic parathyroid hormone

Answer 15

Teriparatide: activate boen turnover with increase osteoblastic activity
Treatment only

Question 16

Estrogen or estrogen =+ progestin

Answer 16

premarin, prempro: activate bone turnover

Prevention

Question 17

human monoclonal antibody

Answer 17

Denosumab: Targets RANKL to quit bone removal signal, it stops bone degredation
PREVENTION

Question 18

Statins

Answer 18

Lovostatin : may lower fracture risk

Question 19

Phytoestrogens

Answer 19

Isoflavones: Bind estrogenic receptor

does not prevent bone loss

Question 20

Thionamide

Answer 20

Methimazole and propylthiouracil

Inhibit transformation of inorganic iodine to organic to block thyroxine production,

Question 21

Thionamide: methimazole

Answer 21

Block thyroxine production , blocks formation of T3 and T4

Little effect on peripheral T4/T3 conversion

Question 22

Thionamide: prophylthiouracil

Answer 22

Block thyroxine produciton, block formatio nof T3 and T4

Large effect on Periperal T4/T3 conversion

Question 23

Beta blocker non selective

Answer 23

Propanolol: treats sympathetic symptoms by blocking beta receptors, not specifically
Thyroid Storm

Question 24

SSKI: Elemental iodine

Answer 24

Stuns thyroid with large doses of iodin that inhibits release of thyroxine
- works for2-3 weeks
Thyroid storm

Question 25

Radioactive iodine isotope

Answer 25

I 131
Beta particles destroy thyroid tissue over several wekks.
Catagory X