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pharmacology II > Dermatologic > Flashcards

Dermatologic Flashcards

1
Q

Routs of administration for skin

A
  • topical
  • systemic
  • intralesion injection
  • ultraviolet radiation
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2
Q

Topical drug deliverry forms for derm

A
  • solution/dissolved in solvent
  • lotion/powder in water or oil
  • cream/wanter in oil
  • ointment/oil in water
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3
Q

what can increase the skin penetration of an agent

A
  • decreased molecular size
  • increased lipid content
  • increased concentration
  • decreased skin integrity
  • decreased skin thickness, ie face vs heels
  • greater surface area to mass - greater dose
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4
Q

Lists of the dermatologic agents

A
  • anti/bacterial/fungal/virals/inflammatories
  • retinoids
  • psoralens
  • sunscreens
  • keratolytic agents salicylic acid
  • analgesics
  • hormone replacement
  • nicotine
  • alopecia drugs
  • cytotoxic agents
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5
Q

why use topical antimicrobials

A

prophylaxis of superficial infections due to wounds and injuries

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6
Q

What are the topical antimirobials

A
  • Anti microbrial: Neomycin/Neosporin

- Antibiotic : Mupirocin/bactroban

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7
Q

MOA of antimicrobial Neomycin/neosporin

A

Neomycin: disrups bacterial cell membrane phospholipids

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8
Q

MOA of antimicrobial Bacitracin

A

Bacitracin: interferes with pepditoglycans of bacterial cell wall

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9
Q

MOA of Topical antibiotic Mupirocin/bactroban

A

Mupirocin/bactroban: inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

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10
Q

Neomycin Class

A

Antimicrobial: disrubt cell membrane

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11
Q

Bacitracin class

A

antimicrobial : disrupt cell wall

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12
Q

Mupirocin/bactroban Class

A

Antimicrobial: inhibit protein synthesis

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13
Q

Indication for Neomycin ointment

A

Neomycin/neosporin

  • superficial skin infection,
  • external ear infx
  • prophylactially
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14
Q

Indication fo Mupirocin

- cream or ointment

A

Mupirocin/bactroban

  • impedigo
  • staph/strep
  • MRSA in additon to IV
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15
Q

side effects of Neomycin ointment

A

Neomycin:

- Ototoxicity if otic solution is applied and there is a perforated TM

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16
Q

where should you apply Mupirocin when treating MERA

A

Also treat nares

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17
Q

Antifungals : topical

A

Ketoconazole/Nizarol

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18
Q

MOA of ketoconazole/nizarol

A

Ketoconazole: Inhibit sterol synthesis

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19
Q

Class of ketoconazole

A

antifungal

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20
Q

Indication of KEtoconalzole

- lotion, ointment, shampoo

A

superficial fungal infections

  • Tinea
  • yeast infections
  • seborrheic dermatitis
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21
Q

why apply glucocorticoids to skin, what are their properties

A
  • immunosupressive

- antiinflammatorie

22
Q

when should topical steroids be avoided

A

Dont use topical steroids and abraded skin

23
Q

indications for topical glucocorticoids

A
  • dermatitis
  • psoriasis
  • ezcema
  • bullous disease : pemphigus
  • collagen vascular disease SLE
  • Granulomatous : Sarcoidosis
24
Q

How are topical glucocorticoids classed?

A

Grouped into seven classes with class 1 being the most potient and class 7 is the least potent.

25
Q

what are generally the most potent corticosteroids

A

halogenated corticosteroids

26
Q

steroid side effects

A
  • skin atrophpy
  • striae
  • purpura
  • perioral dermatitis *
  • rosacea
  • fungal overgrowth
27
Q

Systemic side effects from topical steroid

A
  • supression of HPA axis
  • hyperglycemia
  • osteoporosis/necrosis
28
Q

what can increase systemic absorption of topical steroids

A
  • increase amount applied
  • size of treatment area
  • frequency of application
  • duratio nof treatment
  • drug potency
  • use of occlusive barrier
29
Q

when are intralesional steroids used

A
  • cystic acne
  • psoriasis
  • discoid lupis
  • alopecia
30
Q

Glucocorticoid/corticosteroid drug

A

Hydrocortisone/cortef

31
Q

MOA or glucocoricoids

A
  • affects gene transcription: anti inflammatory

- stimulate or repression protein synthesis

32
Q

how is hydrocortizone dispensed

A

topical cream or ointment

- OTC 1% or halogenated

33
Q

How do retinoids affect skin

A

Modify the following

  • cell proliferation
  • cell differentiation
  • immune function
  • inflammation
  • sebum production
34
Q

what are Retinoids

A

derivatives of retinol that exhibit vitamin A activity

35
Q

indications for Retinoids

A
  • Cystic/papular acne
  • actinic keratosis
  • psoriasis - same as intralesional steroids
  • basal cell cancer **
  • Squamous cell cancer *
  • Cutaneous aging
36
Q

Etiology of acne

A
  • Folicular hyperkeratosis
  • bacteria
  • excess sebum produciton
  • increased inflammation
  • andrognes
37
Q

Drug therapy for acne includes what

A
  • topical salicylic acid
  • topical benzoly peroxide
  • topical antibiotics
  • topical retinoids
38
Q

Class of tretinoin/Retin A

A

Vitamin A derivative

39
Q

MOA of Tretinoin/Retin A

A

MOA Retin A

- Reduce hyperkeratinizaation, increase epidermal thickness and collagen synthesis

40
Q

side effects of Retin A

A 
Erythema,
peeling
burning
stingin
photosynsetivity
41
Q

name the Vitamin A derivatives

A

Tretinoin/Retin A

Isoretinoin/Accutane

42
Q

MOA or Isoretinin/Accutain

A

MOA of isoretinin/accutain

- Reduce hyperkeratinization, sebum gland number and production, reduce bacteria

43
Q

what bacteria is associated with acne

A

propioni-bacterium acne

44
Q

indications for Tretinoin/retin A vs Isoretinin/accutaint

A 
Trentinoin/Retin A
- Acne
- photodamaged skin
Isoretinin/Accutane
- Acne
- Acne rosacea
- Hidradenitis supperativa
45
Q

Side effects of Accutaine

A 
Teratogenicity - first 3 weeks of gesttion
Pregnancy is absolute contraindications 
2 forms of birth control 
- depression/ psycosis
liver stuff
46
Q

Psoriasis

A

Autoimmune dz, immune cells move to epidermis, stimulating proliferation of keratinocytes

47
Q

Drug therapy for psoriasis

A
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Topical vitamin D
  • Topical vitamin A
  • Phototherapy
  • Systemic: steroids, chemo agents,
48
Q

What does photochmotherapy implies

A

That some sort of drug is added to tratment

49
Q

PUVA

A

Psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy. Geven Psoralen then reacted to UVA light

50
Q

MOA of PUVA

A

MOA of PUVA

  • antiinflammatory through immunosupression
  • inhibit DNA synthesis
51
Q

Uses for PUVA

A
  • Psoriasis (retinoids, intralesional steroids)
  • vitilago
  • T cell lymphomas
  • alopecia
  • urticari pigmentosa
52
Q

side iffects of PUVA

A

nausea, pain redness, blistering,
increased risk of skin cancer
skin aging; actinic keratosis

pharmacology II (31 decks)

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