Pharm II, dementia

Question 1

what is the MC form of dementia

Answer 1

Alzheimers makes up 60-70% of dementia

Question 2

how is alzheimers dx

Answer 2

documented cognitive dysfunction for at least 6 months, there is no definative test

Question 3

how common is alzheimers in 60-64

Answer 3

1%

Question 4

how comin is alzheimers of those over 85

Answer 4

30-40%

Question 5

what are lab tests for dementia

Answer 5

blood count, electrolytes, calcium renal function, liver enzymes B12, folic acid and thyroid function

Question 6

what imaging and what could it reveal

Answer 6

CT MRI SPECT or PET to rule out tumors and may reveal amyloid

Question 7

what dementia medications work well

Answer 7

none of them, only modest sympatomatic improvement

Question 8

what drugs are approved for alzheimers/mild to moderate

Answer 8

Ace inhibitors, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine for

Question 9

drugs alzheimers/ moderate to severe

Answer 9

memantine

Question 10

what can anticholinergic drugs cause

Answer 10

confusion

Question 11

what is cholinergic hypothesis

Answer 11

is that the reduction of cholinergenic transmission in basal forebrain is baisis for neurologic deficits. So you limit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine cholinesterase with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Question 12

what is the most common MOA or anti dementia drugs.

Answer 12

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to increase acetylcholine concentrations

Question 13

Side effects of AChE inhibitions

Answer 13

low pulse, bB, increased urination, crying, broncho constriciton, diarrhea, N/v

Question 14

what are the centrally acting reversable AChE inhibitor

Answer 14

Donepezil/Aricept - Rivastigmine/exelon

Question 15

what donepezil/aricept used for

Answer 15

increase cortical acetocholine, for those with alzheimers, Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia and maybe increase vocab in autism

Question 16

what dementia drug has promis in autism

Answer 16

Donepezil/Aricept

Question 17

what alzheimers drug also comes in a patch

Answer 17

Rivastigmine/exelon: AChE inhibitor

Question 18

what is Rivastigimine/exelon used for

Answer 18

Alzheimers and parkinsons dementia/mild to moderate

Question 19

what is Galantamine/razadyne

Answer 19

mild to mod alzheimers and vascular dementia, brain enhancement in brain damaged

Question 20

what drug can be used as brain enhancer to improve memory in brain damaged adults

Answer 20

galantamine/razadyne - mild to mod dmentia/AChE inhibitor

Question 21

what is antidote for the AChE inhibitors

Answer 21

Atropine

Question 22

sx of overdose of AChE inhibitors

Answer 22

N/V - salivation, sweating - bradycardia - low BP, circulatory colapse

Question 23

do drugs alter the ultimate corse of dementia

Answer 23

No but they may delay time frame of progression

Question 24

What neurotransmitter disfunction is thought to contribute to dementia

Answer 24

glutamatergic neurotransmission disfunction NMDA receptors

Question 25

what is the MOA or memantine/Nemenda

Answer 25

Antagonist of Glutamatergic NMDA receptors to inhibit influx of Ca and non competitive 5HT3 receptor antagonist and D2 agonist