Pharm II, dementia Flashcards
what is the MC form of dementia
Alzheimers makes up 60-70% of dementia
how is alzheimers dx
documented cognitive dysfunction for at least 6 months, there is no definative test
how common is alzheimers in 60-64
1%
how comin is alzheimers of those over 85
30-40%
what are lab tests for dementia
blood count, electrolytes, calcium renal function, liver enzymes B12, folic acid and thyroid function
what imaging and what could it reveal
CT MRI SPECT or PET to rule out tumors and may reveal amyloid
what dementia medications work well
none of them, only modest sympatomatic improvement
what drugs are approved for alzheimers/mild to moderate
Ace inhibitors, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine for
drugs alzheimers/ moderate to severe
memantine
what can anticholinergic drugs cause
confusion
what is cholinergic hypothesis
is that the reduction of cholinergenic transmission in basal forebrain is baisis for neurologic deficits. So you limit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine cholinesterase with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
what is the most common MOA or anti dementia drugs.
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to increase acetylcholine concentrations
Side effects of AChE inhibitions
low pulse, bB, increased urination, crying, broncho constriciton, diarrhea, N/v
what are the centrally acting reversable AChE inhibitor
Donepezil/Aricept - Rivastigmine/exelon
what donepezil/aricept used for
increase cortical acetocholine, for those with alzheimers, Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia and maybe increase vocab in autism
what dementia drug has promis in autism
Donepezil/Aricept
what alzheimers drug also comes in a patch
Rivastigmine/exelon: AChE inhibitor
what is Rivastigimine/exelon used for
Alzheimers and parkinsons dementia/mild to moderate
what is Galantamine/razadyne
mild to mod alzheimers and vascular dementia, brain enhancement in brain damaged
what drug can be used as brain enhancer to improve memory in brain damaged adults
galantamine/razadyne - mild to mod dmentia/AChE inhibitor
what is antidote for the AChE inhibitors
Atropine
sx of overdose of AChE inhibitors
N/V - salivation, sweating - bradycardia - low BP, circulatory colapse
do drugs alter the ultimate corse of dementia
No but they may delay time frame of progression
What neurotransmitter disfunction is thought to contribute to dementia
glutamatergic neurotransmission disfunction NMDA receptors
what is the MOA or memantine/Nemenda
Antagonist of Glutamatergic NMDA receptors to inhibit influx of Ca and non competitive 5HT3 receptor antagonist and D2 agonist
