Final - Diabetes

Question 1

MOA biguanides

Answer 1

biguanides: metformin
- Decrease hepatic glucose production and enhance glucose sensitivity
- Caution: lactic acidosis

Question 2

MOA: sulfonylureas

Answer 2

sulfonylureas: Glipizide; glucotrol
- Secreatagogues that stimulate insulin secretion by beta cells.
- caution hypoglycemia
- caution sulfa allergy

Question 3

MOA: meglitinides

Answer 3

meglitinides: Nateglinide/starlix
- secretagogues: stimulate insulin secretion by beta cells
- Caution hypoglycemia

Question 4

MOA: thiazoliniones TZD/glitazones

Answer 4

thiazoliniones: Roxiglitazone/Avandia
- Decrease Peripheral insulin resistance by effecting PPAR
- Decrease glucose production.
- NO hypoglycemia
- Caution: CHF, MI, Osteoporosis

Question 5

MOA : Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 5

alpha glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbos

• inhibit carb at brush border
• reduce glucose absortion
• NO hypoglycemia
• Antidote: Glucose not sucrose

Question 6

MOA: DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 6

DPP-4: sitagliptin/Januvia

• competitive inhibition DPP-4
• suppress glucagon secretion
• potientiate insulin secretation
• Caution: Pancreatitis risk

Question 7

MOA: amylin agonist analogues

Answer 7

Amylin agonist analogue: Pramlintide

• slow gastric emptying
• suppress glucagon production
• INJECTABLE
• NO hypoglycemia
• *first drug for Type 1 diabetic since insulin in 1920

Question 8

MOA incretin mimetics

Answer 8

Incretion mimetics: Exenatide

• enhance glucose dependent insulin secretion
• suppress glucagon secretion while
• slowing gastric emptying
• Injection
• NO hypoglycemia

Question 9

What drugs do not cause hypoglycemia

Answer 9

Exenatide: incretin mimics
Pramlintide: amylin agonist analogue
Acarbose: alpha glucosidase inhibitors 
Roxiglitazone: thiazoliniones/glittazones
metformine: biguinides

Question 10

What drugs do cause hypoglycemia

Answer 10

glipizide: sulfonylureas
Nateglinide: meglitinides

Question 11

The 4 types of insulin from shortest to longest duration

Answer 11

• Rapid/Lispro
• Short/Humulin R
• intermediate/NPH humulin N
• Long/Glargine/lantus

Question 12

ANtidote for insulin over dose

Answer 12

Glucagon

Question 13

Antidote for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 13

alpha glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose

- Glucose not sucrose!

Question 14

Contraindications for alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 14

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose

• NOT for IBD
• NOT for chronic bowel disease

Question 15

Gital monster saliva

Answer 15

exenatide

Question 16

diagnosis of DM

Answer 16

Fasting: >126
Non fasting: >200
Glucose tolerance: >200 at 2-3 hrs

Question 17

two secretagogues

Answer 17

sulfonylurease : glipizide

meglitinides: Nateglinide

Question 18

what DM drug can you not also give insulin

Answer 18

NO insulin with DPP-4: Sitagliptin

Question 19

inhibit glucose production by liver,

decrease insulin resistance

Answer 19

Biguinides: Metformin

TZD thiazoliniones/glitazones: roxiglitizone

Question 20

delay absorption of glucose by intestines

Answer 20

acarbos

Question 21

promote insulin release after meal

Answer 21

DPP-4: sitagliptin

Question 22

stimulate beta cells to secrete insulin

Answer 22

secretagogues

• sulfonureas: glipizide
• Meglitinides: Nateglinide

Question 23

pancreatitis

Answer 23

Sitagliptin: DPP-4

Question 24

two injectable not insulin diabetes drugs

Answer 24

anylin agonis analogue: pramlintide

incretin mimic: exenatide