Pathways and Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Within white matter, what is the area between the central canal and the dorsal horn?

Answer 1

posterior funiculus

Question 2

Within white matter, what is the large area between the dorsal and ventral horns?

Answer 2

lateral funiculus

Question 3

Within white matter, what is the area below the ventral horns?

Answer 3

anterior funiculus

Question 4

What is the name of the pathway for precise touch from the skin?

Answer 4

posterior funiculus- medial lemniscal pathway

Question 5

What would happen if you caused damage to the posterior funiculus?

Answer 5

numbness of the same side of the body below the injury site

Question 6

What would happen if you caused damage to the medial lemniscus?

Answer 6

loss of sensation from the neck down on the opposite side of the body

Question 7

In the skin pathway, the touch from the skin goes from the ___ _____ to the _____ ___ _____

Answer 7

medulla oblongata, post central gyrus

Question 8

In the skin pathway, the ____ _____ ascend in the __ _____

Answer 8

central processes, posterior funiculus

Question 9

In the skin pathway, precise touch from the skin crosses sides of the body in what structure?

Answer 9

medulla oblongata

Question 10

What is the name of the pathway from the cortex to the spinal cord?

Answer 10

corticospinal pathway

Question 11

What would result from damage to the lateral funiculus?

Answer 11

loss of 85% of strength of muscles of the same side of the body from point of injury down

Question 12

What would result from damage at the anterior funiculus?

Answer 12

loss of 15% of strength of muscles on the opposite side of the body from point of injury down

Question 13

The ___ ____ ____ takes 85% of neurons

Answer 13

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 14

The ___ ___ ____ takes 15% of neurons

Answer 14

anterior corticospinal tract

Question 15

Upper motor neurons in the muscle pathway start where?

Answer 15

pre central gyrus

Question 16

_____% of UMN cross the body at the medulla oblongata

Answer 16

85

Question 17

____ % of UMN cross the body at the anterior funiculus

Answer 17

15

Question 18

In the motor pathway, _____ descend in the lateral and anterior funiculus to lower motor neurons

Answer 18

axons

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system is also called the ___ ____ _____

Answer 19

visceral nervous system

Question 20

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 20

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

Question 21

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 21

sympathetics, parasympathetics

Question 22

Digestive tract, bronchi, and blood vessels are examples of what?

Answer 22

smooth muscles

Question 23

What is the first neuron in the autonomic system called?

Answer 23

presynaptic/preganglionic

Question 24

what is the second neuron in the autonomic system called?

Answer 24

postsynaptic/postganglionic

Question 25

the autonomic motor system differs in that it can cause ____ or ____ of the target

Answer 25

excitation, inhibition

Question 26

the point where presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons meet is called what?

Answer 26

ganglion

Question 27

sympathetics have _____ presynaptic neurons and ____ postsynaptic neurons

Answer 27

short, long

Question 28

parasympathetics have ____ presynaptic neurons and ____ postsynaptic neurons

Answer 28

long, short

Question 29

_____ is the neurotransmitter released by somatic motor neurons (skeletal muscle)

Answer 29

acetylcholine

Question 30

_____ is the neurotransmitter released by the pre and postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetics

Answer 30

acetylcholine

Question 31

_____ is the neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic neurons of the sympathetics

Answer 31

acetylcholine

Question 32

_____ is the neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic neurons of the sympathetics

Answer 32

norepinephrine

Question 33

___ and ____ are neurotransmitters that have opposite effects on the autonomic system

Answer 33

acetylcholine, norepinephrine

Question 34

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing heart rate?

Answer 34

parasympathetics

Question 35

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for brochioles constriction?

Answer 35

parasympathetics

Question 36

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing digestion?

Answer 36

parasympathetics

Question 37

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing salivation?

Answer 37

parasympathetics

Question 38

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing lacrimation?

Answer 38

parasympathetics

Question 39

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate?

Answer 39

symathetics

Question 40

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for dilation of bronchioles?

Answer 40

symathetics

Question 41

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing digestion?

Answer 41

symathetics

Question 42

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing salivation?

Answer 42

sympathetics

Question 43

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing lacrimation

Answer 43

sympathetics

Question 44

what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing sweating?

Answer 44

sympathetics

Question 45

what are the four cranial nerves involved in parasympathetics?

Answer 45

oculomotor (3), facial (7), glossopharyngeal (9), and vagus (10)

Question 46

what are the two parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 46

pupillary constriction, thickening of lens

Question 47

The sphincter pupillae causes what action in the parasympathetics?

Answer 47

pupillary constriction

Question 48

The cilliary muscle causes what action in the parasymathetics?

Answer 48

thickening of lens

Question 49

_____ constrict the pupil

Answer 49

parasympathetics (oculomotor nerve)

Question 50

______ dilate the pupil

Answer 50

sympathetics

Question 51

_____ controls focusing on distant vision

Answer 51

sympathetics

Question 52

____ controls focusing on near vision

Answer 52

parasympathetics

Question 53

Parasymapthetics from the facial nerve cause ____, ___ ____, and salivation

Answer 53

lacrimation, mucus production, salivation

Question 54

saliva comes from what 3 glands?

Answer 54

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 55

parasympathetics from the vagus nerve cause ___ _____, decreased ___ ____, and increased ___ _______

Answer 55

bronchial constriction, heart rate, digestive action

Question 56

spinal cord segments ____-_____ deliver parasympathetics to pelvic organs and external genitalia

Answer 56

S2-S4

Question 57

Spinal nerves go to the ___ ____

Answer 57

body wall

Question 58

spinal nerves do not reach into ___ ____

Answer 58

body cavities

Question 59

The body wall includes the ____ wall, ____ wall, and _____

Answer 59

thoracic, abdominal, extremities

Question 60

The ____ _____ extends up into the neck and down into the pelvis

Answer 60

sympathetic chain/trunk

Question 61

spinal nerves reach body cavities via the ____ ______

Answer 61

splanchinic nerve