Pathways and Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Within white matter, what is the area between the central canal and the dorsal horn?
posterior funiculus
Within white matter, what is the large area between the dorsal and ventral horns?
lateral funiculus
Within white matter, what is the area below the ventral horns?
anterior funiculus
What is the name of the pathway for precise touch from the skin?
posterior funiculus- medial lemniscal pathway
What would happen if you caused damage to the posterior funiculus?
numbness of the same side of the body below the injury site
What would happen if you caused damage to the medial lemniscus?
loss of sensation from the neck down on the opposite side of the body
In the skin pathway, the touch from the skin goes from the ___ _____ to the _____ ___ _____
medulla oblongata, post central gyrus
In the skin pathway, the ____ _____ ascend in the __ _____
central processes, posterior funiculus
In the skin pathway, precise touch from the skin crosses sides of the body in what structure?
medulla oblongata
What is the name of the pathway from the cortex to the spinal cord?
corticospinal pathway
What would result from damage to the lateral funiculus?
loss of 85% of strength of muscles of the same side of the body from point of injury down
What would result from damage at the anterior funiculus?
loss of 15% of strength of muscles on the opposite side of the body from point of injury down
The ___ ____ ____ takes 85% of neurons
lateral corticospinal tract
The ___ ___ ____ takes 15% of neurons
anterior corticospinal tract
Upper motor neurons in the muscle pathway start where?
pre central gyrus
_____% of UMN cross the body at the medulla oblongata
85
____ % of UMN cross the body at the anterior funiculus
15
In the motor pathway, _____ descend in the lateral and anterior funiculus to lower motor neurons
axons
The autonomic nervous system is also called the ___ ____ _____
visceral nervous system
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands
What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetics, parasympathetics
Digestive tract, bronchi, and blood vessels are examples of what?
smooth muscles
What is the first neuron in the autonomic system called?
presynaptic/preganglionic
what is the second neuron in the autonomic system called?
postsynaptic/postganglionic
the autonomic motor system differs in that it can cause ____ or ____ of the target
excitation, inhibition
the point where presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons meet is called what?
ganglion
sympathetics have _____ presynaptic neurons and ____ postsynaptic neurons
short, long
parasympathetics have ____ presynaptic neurons and ____ postsynaptic neurons
long, short
_____ is the neurotransmitter released by somatic motor neurons (skeletal muscle)
acetylcholine
_____ is the neurotransmitter released by the pre and postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetics
acetylcholine
_____ is the neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic neurons of the sympathetics
acetylcholine
_____ is the neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic neurons of the sympathetics
norepinephrine
___ and ____ are neurotransmitters that have opposite effects on the autonomic system
acetylcholine, norepinephrine
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing heart rate?
parasympathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for brochioles constriction?
parasympathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing digestion?
parasympathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing salivation?
parasympathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing lacrimation?
parasympathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate?
symathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for dilation of bronchioles?
symathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing digestion?
symathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing salivation?
sympathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing lacrimation
sympathetics
what part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing sweating?
sympathetics
what are the four cranial nerves involved in parasympathetics?
oculomotor (3), facial (7), glossopharyngeal (9), and vagus (10)
what are the two parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve?
pupillary constriction, thickening of lens
The sphincter pupillae causes what action in the parasympathetics?
pupillary constriction
The cilliary muscle causes what action in the parasymathetics?
thickening of lens
_____ constrict the pupil
parasympathetics (oculomotor nerve)
______ dilate the pupil
sympathetics
_____ controls focusing on distant vision
sympathetics
____ controls focusing on near vision
parasympathetics
Parasymapthetics from the facial nerve cause ____, ___ ____, and salivation
lacrimation, mucus production, salivation
saliva comes from what 3 glands?
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
parasympathetics from the vagus nerve cause ___ _____, decreased ___ ____, and increased ___ _______
bronchial constriction, heart rate, digestive action
spinal cord segments ____-_____ deliver parasympathetics to pelvic organs and external genitalia
S2-S4
Spinal nerves go to the ___ ____
body wall
spinal nerves do not reach into ___ ____
body cavities
The body wall includes the ____ wall, ____ wall, and _____
thoracic, abdominal, extremities
The ____ _____ extends up into the neck and down into the pelvis
sympathetic chain/trunk
spinal nerves reach body cavities via the ____ ______
splanchinic nerve
