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Anatomy3651 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

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3
Q

What are the two components of the functional nervous system?

A

sensory, motor

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4
Q

What part of the functional nervous system contains receptors and transmits info from receptors to the CNS?

A

sensory nervous system

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5
Q

What part of the functional nervous system transmits info from the CNS to the rest of the body and sends motor info to effectors?

A

motor nervous system

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6
Q

What type of sensory receives sensory info from skin and special senses (i.e. touch, vision, taste, hearing, etc.) and is what you are aware of?

A

somatic

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7
Q

What type of sensory receives sensory info from viscera (i.e. blood vessels, organs) and is what you are not aware of?

A

visceral

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8
Q

What type of motor is voluntary and innervates the skeletal muscles?

A

somatic

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9
Q

What type of motor is involuntary and innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands?

A

autonomic

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10
Q

What is the term for the functional cells of nervous tissue?

A

neurons

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11
Q

Neurons have a _____ metabolic rate

A

high

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12
Q

Neurons rely on a constant supply of _____ and _____

A

glucose, oxygen

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13
Q

Neurons have ____ longevity

A

extreme

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14
Q

Neurons can ____ but cannot _____

A

change, divide

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15
Q

Neuron change is neurons _____ themselves

A

repairing

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16
Q

A ______ neuron carries sensation from the skin

A

unipolar

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17
Q

The parts of a unipolar neuron are _____, _______, _______, and ___ _____

A

dendrites, peripheral process, central process, cell body

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18
Q

Dendrites of a unipolar neuron are embedded in the _____

A

skin

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19
Q

The ____ process of the unipolar neuron transfers the impulses from the skin to the cell body

A

peripheral

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20
Q

The _____ process of the unipolar neuron carries the impulses from the cell body to the CNS

A

central

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21
Q

The ______ neurons contain an axon

A

multipolar

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22
Q

The parts of a multipolar neuron are _____, ___ ____, and _____

A

dendrites, cell body, axons

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23
Q

_____ neurons carry impulses from neurons to other neurons

A

multipolar

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24
Q

The axon of the multipolar neurons carries _____ away from the cell body

A

impulses

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25
A ____ sheath covers the axon
myelin
26
The cross section of the ____ _____ contains gray and white matter
spinal cord
27
Gray matter is in the shape of a _____
butterfly
28
____ matter contains the axons of myelinated interneurons and does not contain cell bodies
white
29
The ____ horn is on the anterior side of the spinal cord
ventral
30
The ____ horn is on the posterior side of the spinal cord
dorsal
31
____ neurons have receptors in the skin
unipolar
32
Impulses traveling from the unipolar receptors in skin is called _____/_____ transmission
afferent, input
33
A collection of cell bodies from unipolar neurons that create a bump is called ___ ____ _____
posterior root ganglion
34
The_____ is found within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, is multipolar, and sends impulses to the motor neuron
interneuron
35
Some impulses can go directly to the ______ from the ______ when no muscular action is needed (you just need to be made aware of a sensation)?
brain, interneuron
36
The motor neuron is located in the ____ horn of the spinal cord
ventral
37
_____ matter is made mostly of nerve cell bodies without any myelin
grey
38
The ____/_____ transmission goes from the motor neuron to the axons and sends impulses to the skeletal muscles to perform movement
efferent, output
39
____ cells are also called nerve glue, and are found within the CNS and PNS
glial
40
___ cells are capable of mitosis
glial
41
____ cells are neurological support cells
glial
42
Do glial cells transport impulses?
no
43
Glial cells assist _____ with their functions
neurons
44
Glial cells ____ and ______ neurons
protect, nourish
45
Are there more neurons or glial cells?
glial cells
46
____ cells account for half of the volume of the nervous system
glial
47
How many CNS glial cells are there?
4
48
How many PNS glial cells are there?
2
49
What are the four CNS glial cells?
astrocyte, ependymal, microglial, oligodendrocytes
50
What are the 2 PNS glial cells?
satellite, neurolemmocytes
51
What type of glial cell determines the nutrients that neurons need from blood vessels and determines what leaves blood vessels?
astrocytes
52
What type of glial cell fills the empty space created when neurons die?
astrocytes
53
The _____ _____ is an appendage that surrounds and regulates blood vessels
perivascular feet
54
Perivascular feet are part of ____ cells
astrocyte
55
The _____ is a tube of simple squamous epithelia
capillary
56
The continuous basement membrane of the brain capillaries is ____ with no _____
perfect, holes
57
The blood brain barrier contains _____, _____, and ______
tight junctions, basement membranes, perivascular feet
58
_____ are fluid filled cavities of the brain
ventricle
59
The ____ of the brain are filled with cerebro-spinal fluid and circulate and ventilate the brain from the inside out
ventricles
60
The ___ ____ ____ is within ventricles and is derived from the blood stream
cerebro-spinal fluid
61
The ____ ____ is associated with ependylam cells
choroid plexus
62
The _____ _____ is composed of ependymal cells and is a barrier between blood and CSF
choroid plexus
63
The_____ cells are janitors that clean debris, such as dead neurons
microglial
64
The smallest glial cells are the _____
microglial
65
____ cells grab axons and provide myelin insulation
oligodendrocytes
66
_____ cells myelenate axons
oligodendrocytes
67
______ axons increases production velocity (speed at which neurons complete impulses)
myelenating
68
_____ has to enter the cell down the entire length of the fiber on an unmyelinated neuron
sodium
69
An impulses causes a reverse in _____
polarity
70
When a neuron is myelenated, sodium only has to enter at the _____
nodes
71
______ are gaps and are the location where reversal of polarity occurs
nodes
72
____ cells cover unipolar cell bodies, bring in nutrients, and remove waste
satellite
73
___ cells attach to cells in small axons or peripheral nerves for life
neurommocytes
74
_____ is the connective tissue surrounding a single axon
endoneurium
75
_____ is the connective tissue surrounding an axon fascicle
perineurium
76
______ is the connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve
epineurium
77
A peripheral nerve injury results in the severing of _____
axons
78
The severing on an axon results in the loss of function of ____ and ____
sensation, motor
79
______ form a regeneration tube and release nerve growth factor
neurolemmocytes
80
The axon degenerates in the ____ region after axon trauma
distal
81
The end of the neuron is ____ and ____ to prevent leaking of cytoplasm
sealed, swollen
82
_____ accompanies axon growth after axon trauma
remyelination
83
Sensation is restored when the axon is reconnected to the _____
effector

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

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