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Anatomy3651 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main functions of blood?

A

transportation, regulation, protection

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts related to blood regulating?

A

pH, body temperature, normal fluid levels

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3
Q

what are the 2 parts related to blood protecting?

A

immunity, clotting

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4
Q

what are the 3 formed elements of blood?

A

RBC, WBC, platelets

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5
Q

what is hematocrit a test of?

A

how much blood volume is RBC

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6
Q

___% of blood volume is plasma

A

55

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7
Q

plasma is bade of what major components?

A

water, protein, electrolytes/nutrients/waste

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8
Q

____% of blood volume is erythrocytes

A

44

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9
Q

___% of blood volume is buffy coat

A

1

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10
Q

what are the 2 components of buffy coat?

A

platelets, leukocytes

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11
Q

what are the 3 major types of plasma proteins?

A

albumin, globulins, fibrinogens

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12
Q

this plasma protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure to allow blood cells to circulate and maintain size and volume, and transport hormones, ions, and lipids

A

albumin

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13
Q

plasma is 60% ____

A

albumin

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14
Q

this plasma protein contains immunoglobulins for the immune system to fight infection

A

globulins

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15
Q

plasma is 35% ____

A

globulins

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16
Q

this plasma protein releases clotting factors to convert fibrinogen into fibrin

A

fribrinogens

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17
Q

plasma is 4% ____

A

fibrinogens

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18
Q

a __ ____ is a way to evenly distribute blood for morphological examination

A

blood smear

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19
Q

erythrocytes do not contain ____ or ____

A

nucleus, organelles

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20
Q

the ____ of RBC contain hemoglobin

A

cytoplasm

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21
Q

RBC transport ____ to tissues and __ ___ to lungs

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide

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22
Q

the ___ ____ shape of RBC facilitates gas exchange

A

biconcave disc

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23
Q

RBC shape allows for what 2 things?

A

squeeze, rapid diffusion of gases

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24
Q

one hemoglobin unit contains ____ globin chains and ___ heme units

A

4, 4

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25
each heme unit contains ___ iron that binds to one ___ molecule
1, O2
26
each blood cell contains _____ heme units that transport _____ oxygen molecules
300 million, 1.2 billion
27
the iron of heme will bind O2 to CO2 during ___ ___ in the ___ or _____
gas exchange, tissue, lungs
28
___ is the production of the cellular components of blood
hematopoiesis
29
hematopoietic stem cells are called _____
hematocytoblasts
30
hematopoietic stem cells are called _____
hemocytoblasts
31
hemocytoblasts produce ____ and ___ cells
lymphoid, myeloid
32
___ cells produce erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and all leukocytes except lymphocytes
myeloid
33
____ cells produce lymphocytes
lymphoid
34
____ is the production of RBC that occurs in bone marrow
erythropoiesis
35
erythropoiesis is stimulated by ____ found in the kidney
erythropoietin
36
red marrow for RBC production is found in ___ ____ and the proximal ends of __ ___ ___
midline bones, proximal long bones
37
erythrocytes circulate for ___ days
120
38
in the spleen and liver, erythrocytes decompose into _____, ____, and ____
hemoglobin, iron, bilirubin
39
hemoglobin and iron are decomposed for what purpose?
produce new RBCs
40
bilirubin is converted to _____
bile
41
the presence or absence of _____ ___ ____ determines blood type
cell surface antigens
42
all red blood cells contain ____ _____ antigen
type O
43
types __ and ___ antigens are only found on the cell surface
A,B
44
blood plasma contains antibodies _____ foreign blood cells
against
45
___ is the process of clotting when the wrong blood type is given to a patient
agglutination
46
blood type ____ is the universal recipient
AB
47
blood type ____ is the universal donor
O-
48
Rh is surface antigen ___ _____
rhesus antigen
49
what is the only way a person who is Rh negative will produce antibodies?
exposed to Rh positive blood
50
what is the main purpose of leukocytes (WBC)?
initiate immune response
51
____ leukocytes contain visible cytoplasmic granules, nuclei are divided into 2-5 lobes, and there are 3 categories
granular
52
what are the 3 granular leukocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
53
_____ leukocytes have cytoplasmic granules that are not visible, are single lobed nucleus, and there are 2 categories
agranular
54
60-70% of leukocytes are _____
neutrophils
55
ID: nuclei with 2-6 connected lobes, referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN), first immune response to infection site, granules are digestive enzymes that destroy bacteria, accumulation of dead tissue to create puss
neutrophils
56
ID: nucleus with 2 connected lobes, earmuff shape, granules contain digestive enzymes, attacks parasites
eosinophil
57
ID: nucleus with 2 connected lobes, U or S shape, granules stain dark blue, release histamine and heparin during allergic or inflammatory reaction, assist in vasodilation and inhibition of blood clotting
basophil
58
ID: large nucleus, horseshoe-shaped nucleus, phagocytizes bacteria and cell walls, exits bloodstream and enters bodily tissues
monocytes
59
what is the name of monocytes that enter bodily tissues?
macrophages
60
ID: nucleus almost fills entire cell, resides in lymphatic structures and organs, major component of immune system
lymphocytes
61
what are the 3 types of lymphocytes?
b, T, natural killers
62
B and T lymphocytes are ____ ____
antigen specific
63
natural killers attack ____
everything
64
____ are anucleate, cellular fragments produced by bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes
platelets (thrombocytes)
65
megakaryocytes extend ___ ____ into the walls of __ ____
long processes, blood vessels
66
what causes a piece to break off of megakaryocytes to become platlets?
force of blood flow
67
the complex of ___ and ___ tightens and seals off lacerations
platelets, fibrin

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

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