Integumentary System

Question 1

What 3 things make-up the integumentary system?

Answer 1

integument, hypodermis, appendages

Question 2

What is the largest organ of the body?

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

What are the two layers of skin?

Answer 3

epidermis, dermis

Question 4

What type of epithelia is the epidermis?

Answer 4

stratified squamous

Question 5

What type of connective tissue is the dermis?

Answer 5

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 6

The epidermis is made of what?

Answer 6

epithelium

Question 7

The dermis is made of what?

Answer 7

connective tissue

Question 8

The hypodermis is made of what?

Answer 8

subcutaneous tissue (loose connective tissue proper)

Question 9

What are the six functions of the skin?

Answer 9

protection, temp regulation, water retention, excretion, production of vitamin D, and sensory reception

Question 10

In what 3 ways does skin protect your body?

Answer 10

immune defense, UV radiation, contact wear

Question 11

What two mechanisms aide in temperature regulation?

Answer 11

capillaries and sweat glands

Question 12

What does skin excrete through sweat?

Answer 12

urea, salts, and water

Question 13

What is the name of the specialized squamous cells of the skin?

Answer 13

keratinocytes

Question 14

What protein do keratinocytes produce?

Answer 14

keratin

Question 15

What does keratin do for the protection of skin?

Answer 15

prevent mechanical wear, produces antibiotics

Question 16

What layer of the epidermis is the most active and is constantly undergoing mitosis?

Answer 16

basal layer

Question 17

As cells reach the apical surface, they ______ and are filled with _____

Answer 17

die, keratin

Question 18

What happens to keratinized cells when they encounter friction?

Answer 18

they are rubbed off

Question 19

How many layers are in thick skin?

Answer 19

5

Question 20

Where is thick skin found?

Answer 20

soles of feet and palms of hands

Question 21

How many layers are in thin skin?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Where is thin skin found?

Answer 22

everywhere over the body

Question 23

What is the most basal layer of skin?

Answer 23

stratum basale

Question 24

What is stratum basale composed of?

Answer 24

a single row of cuboidal stem cells

Question 25

What are the 3 types of cells in the stratum basale?

Answer 25

keratinocytes, tactile, and melanocytes

Question 26

What do melanocytes produce?

Answer 26

melanin

Question 27

Melanocytes are absorbed by what type of cells?

Answer 27

keratinocytes

Question 28

All skin has the same amount of _____ but do not all produce the same amount of _____

Answer 28

melanocytes, melanin

Question 29

UV rays strip away what type of acid?

Answer 29

folic

Question 30

Lighter skin evolved away from the equator to promote what?

Answer 30

vitamin D synthesis

Question 31

What is the most apical layer of the epithelia?

Answer 31

stratum corneum

Question 32

Cells are shed how often?

Answer 32

continuously

Question 33

What are fingernails composed of?

Answer 33

dead keratinized cells

Question 34

What is hair made of?

Answer 34

long, hard, keratinized filaments

Question 35

What are the two types of hair?

Answer 35

vellus and terminal

Question 36

Where is vellus hair found?

Answer 36

all over the body

Question 37

Where is terminal hair found?

Answer 37

scalp, armpits, pubic region

Question 38

What is the main function of vellus hair?

Answer 38

touch reception (some protection)

Question 39

What is the role of the dermis?

Answer 39

To supply blood to the epidermis

Question 40

The dermis resists _____ in all directions

Answer 40

tension

Question 41

What layer of skin is vascular and innervated?

Answer 41

dermis

Question 42

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 42

papillary, reticular

Question 43

What part of the dermis is why all fingerprints are unique?

Answer 43

papillary

Question 44

The ____ projects into the epidermis

Answer 44

papillary dermis

Question 45

What is the role of papillary dermis?

Answer 45

to increase surface area of the dermis and epidermis

Question 46

What is the reticular dermis composed of?

Answer 46

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 47

The reticular dermis has a rich supply of ___ and _____

Answer 47

nerves and vessels

Question 48

The reticular dermis regulates what?

Answer 48

temperature

Question 49

Eccrine glands are found where?

Answer 49

everywhere (palms, soles, forehead,etc)

Question 50

Eccrine glands help with what function?

Answer 50

temperature regulation

Question 51

Apocrine glands are found where?

Answer 51

armpit, anal, and genital areas

Question 52

Apocrine glands are ___ that open into _____

Answer 52

ducts, hair follicles

Question 53

Bacteria feast on the ______ of the apocrine glands and cause body odor

Answer 53

secretions

Question 54

When do apocrine glands start functioning?

Answer 54

at puberty

Question 55

what are the two types of specialized apocrine glands?

Answer 55

ceruminous and mammary

Question 56

What do ceruminous glands produce?

Answer 56

wax in the ear canal

Question 57

What do mammary glands produce?

Answer 57

milk

Question 58

What is produced by the holocrine glands?

Answer 58

sebum (oil)

Question 59

What are the 3 functions of the holocrine (oil) glands?

Answer 59

lubrication of skin and hair, collecting dirt/killing bacteria, slow water loss

Question 60

What is the subcutaneous tissue composed of?

Answer 60

loose areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

Question 61

The subcutaneous layer is the site of what type of injections?

Answer 61

hypodermal

Question 62

Another word for the subcutaneous tissue is what?

Answer 62

hypodermis, superficial fascia