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Anatomy3651 > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

The connective tissue of bone is ___ and _____

A

vascular, innervated

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2
Q

What is the mineralized component of bone that gives its hardness and rigidity?

A

hydroxyapatite

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3
Q

What is the organic component of bone that gives it flexibility?

A

osteiod

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4
Q

Osteoid contains ___ fibers

A

collagen

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5
Q

The osteoid contains what part of the extracellular matrix?

A

ground substance

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6
Q

What type of tissue is bone?

A

connective

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of bone cells?

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

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8
Q

Where are osteoblasts found?

A

near periosteum and endosteum

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9
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

produce bone matrix

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10
Q

What is the function of osteocytes?

A

maintain bone

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11
Q

Where are ostecytes found?

A

in lacunae

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12
Q

Were are osteocytes found?

A

in lacunae

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13
Q

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

A

destroy bone tissue

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14
Q

If the body needs to tap into the bone’s calcium of phosphorus stores, _____ breaks down the bone to release the minerals into the bloodstream

A

osteoclasts

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15
Q

What are the 5 main functions of bone?

A

support and protect soft tissue, movement, energy metabolism, mineral storage, and blood cell formation

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16
Q

How do bones help regulate blood sugar and fat storage?

A

through hormone secretion

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17
Q

Where does blood cell formation occur in bones?

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

What is another term for blood cell formation?

A

hematopoiesis

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19
Q

What are the four shapes of bone?

A

long, short, flat, and irregular

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20
Q

What type of bones are longer than they are wide?

A

long

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21
Q

What type of bones are cube shaped?

A

short

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22
Q

What type of bones are flat and thin?

A

flat

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23
Q

Bones of the hands and feet are examples of what type of bone?

A

long

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24
Q

carpals and tarsals are examples of what type of bone?

A

short

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25
Q

vertebrae, os coxae, and facial bones are what type of bone?

A

irregular

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26
Q

neurological bones, ribs, scapula, and sternum are what type of bones?

A

flat

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27
Q

Where are sesamoid bones found?

A

within muscle tendons

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28
Q

patella is what type of bone?

A

sesamoid

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29
Q

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

A

sit within the tendon and redirect muscle force

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30
Q

What is the shaft of the long bone called?

A

diaphysis

31
Q

The diaphysis is what part of the long bone?

A

long shaft

32
Q

What are the ends of the long bone called?

A

epiphysis

33
Q

What part of the long bone is the epiphysis?

A

ends

34
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue covering the outside of the bone?

A

periosteum

35
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

the connective tissue covering the outside of the bone

36
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue lining the inside of the bone (medullary cavity and central canals of osteons)?

A

endosteum

37
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

the connective tissue lining the inside of the bone

38
Q

What is the medullary cavity of the long bone?

A

the open space within the shaft

39
Q

What is the open space within the shaft called?

A

medullary cavity

40
Q

What is the epiphyseal line?

A

remnents of the growth plate

41
Q

What is the epiphyseal line?

A

remnants of the growth plate

42
Q

What is the space of remnants of growth plates called?

A

epiphyseal line

43
Q

What is the structure of short, irregular, and flat bones?

A

a layer of spongy bones covered by an outer layer of compact bone

44
Q

Short, irregular, and flat bones do not have a _____ cavity

A

medullary

45
Q

Compact bone is also known as _____

A

cortical bone

46
Q

Cortical bone is also known as ____

A

compact bone

47
Q

Compact bone is ____ with ____

A

solid, canals

48
Q

What are 2 other names for spongy bones?

A

trabecular or cancellous

49
Q

Spongy bone is located where on long bones?

A

at the ends

50
Q

Spongy bone is ____ with spaces

A

lattice

51
Q

What are the rings on bone tissue called?

A

lamella

52
Q

What does blood travel through in bones?

A

Haversian/central canal

53
Q

What are the spaces between lamella called?

A

lacunae

54
Q

What are the projections off lacunae called that allow for the communication between osteocytes?

A

canaliculi

55
Q

What is the horizontal connection that allows blood vessels and nerves to travel between osteons?

A

Volkmann’s canal

56
Q

Spongy bone does not have what type of cells?

A

osteons

57
Q

Why does spongy bone have lamelle without canals?

A

they already have open spaces in the lattice

58
Q

Why does spongy bone have lamella not in a canal?

A

there is already open spaces in the lattice

59
Q

Trabeculae of the spongy bone follows the lines of ____ and _____

A

tension, compression

60
Q

What are the two types of bone growth?

A

interstitial and appositional

61
Q

Interstitial growth is growth in _____

A

length

62
Q

When does interstitial growth occur?

A

childhood and adolescence

63
Q

Where does interstitial growth occur?

A

growth plate made of cartilage

64
Q

What is the sign that interstitial growth can cease?

A

epiphysis and diaphysis meet and growth plates ossify

65
Q

Appositional growth is growth in ____

A

thickness

66
Q

In appositional growth, _____ destroys old bone and _____ creates new bone

A

osteoclasts, osteoblasts

67
Q

In appositional growth, osteoclasts also remove bone in the _____

A

medullary cavity

68
Q

Compact bone is replaced every how many years?

A

10

69
Q

Spongy bone is replaced every how many years?

A

3-4

70
Q

Osteoclasts breaking down bone tissue is known as ____

A

bone resorption

71
Q

Osteoblasts laying down new bone is known as ____

A

bone depostion

72
Q

Osteoblasts laying down new bone is known as ____

A

bone deposition

73
Q

Remodeling of bone is in response to what?

A

mechanical stress

74
Q

Bone remodeling is done to ______

A

maintain total bone mass

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

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