Bones

Question 1

The connective tissue of bone is ___ and _____

Answer 1

vascular, innervated

Question 2

What is the mineralized component of bone that gives its hardness and rigidity?

Answer 2

hydroxyapatite

Question 3

What is the organic component of bone that gives it flexibility?

Answer 3

osteiod

Question 4

Osteoid contains ___ fibers

Answer 4

collagen

Question 5

The osteoid contains what part of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 5

ground substance

Question 6

What type of tissue is bone?

Answer 6

connective

Question 7

What are the 3 types of bone cells?

Answer 7

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 8

Where are osteoblasts found?

Answer 8

near periosteum and endosteum

Question 9

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Answer 9

produce bone matrix

Question 10

What is the function of osteocytes?

Answer 10

maintain bone

Question 11

Where are ostecytes found?

Answer 11

in lacunae

Question 12

Were are osteocytes found?

Answer 12

in lacunae

Question 13

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

Answer 13

destroy bone tissue

Question 14

If the body needs to tap into the bone’s calcium of phosphorus stores, _____ breaks down the bone to release the minerals into the bloodstream

Answer 14

osteoclasts

Question 15

What are the 5 main functions of bone?

Answer 15

support and protect soft tissue, movement, energy metabolism, mineral storage, and blood cell formation

Question 16

How do bones help regulate blood sugar and fat storage?

Answer 16

through hormone secretion

Question 17

Where does blood cell formation occur in bones?

Answer 17

bone marrow

Question 18

What is another term for blood cell formation?

Answer 18

hematopoiesis

Question 19

What are the four shapes of bone?

Answer 19

long, short, flat, and irregular

Question 20

What type of bones are longer than they are wide?

Answer 20

long

Question 21

What type of bones are cube shaped?

Answer 21

short

Question 22

What type of bones are flat and thin?

Answer 22

flat

Question 23

Bones of the hands and feet are examples of what type of bone?

Answer 23

long

Question 24

carpals and tarsals are examples of what type of bone?

Answer 24

short

Question 25

vertebrae, os coxae, and facial bones are what type of bone?

Answer 25

irregular

Question 26

neurological bones, ribs, scapula, and sternum are what type of bones?

Answer 26

flat

Question 27

Where are sesamoid bones found?

Answer 27

within muscle tendons

Question 28

patella is what type of bone?

Answer 28

sesamoid

Question 29

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

Answer 29

sit within the tendon and redirect muscle force

Question 30

What is the shaft of the long bone called?

Answer 30

diaphysis

Question 31

The diaphysis is what part of the long bone?

Answer 31

long shaft

Question 32

What are the ends of the long bone called?

Answer 32

epiphysis

Question 33

What part of the long bone is the epiphysis?

Answer 33

ends

Question 34

What is the name of the connective tissue covering the outside of the bone?

Answer 34

periosteum

Question 35

What is the periosteum?

Answer 35

the connective tissue covering the outside of the bone

Question 36

What is the name of the connective tissue lining the inside of the bone (medullary cavity and central canals of osteons)?

Answer 36

endosteum

Question 37

What is the endosteum?

Answer 37

the connective tissue lining the inside of the bone

Question 38

What is the medullary cavity of the long bone?

Answer 38

the open space within the shaft

Question 39

What is the open space within the shaft called?

Answer 39

medullary cavity

Question 40

What is the epiphyseal line?

Answer 40

remnents of the growth plate

Question 41

What is the epiphyseal line?

Answer 41

remnants of the growth plate

Question 42

What is the space of remnants of growth plates called?

Answer 42

epiphyseal line

Question 43

What is the structure of short, irregular, and flat bones?

Answer 43

a layer of spongy bones covered by an outer layer of compact bone

Question 44

Short, irregular, and flat bones do not have a _____ cavity

Answer 44

medullary

Question 45

Compact bone is also known as _____

Answer 45

cortical bone

Question 46

Cortical bone is also known as ____

Answer 46

compact bone

Question 47

Compact bone is ____ with ____

Answer 47

solid, canals

Question 48

What are 2 other names for spongy bones?

Answer 48

trabecular or cancellous

Question 49

Spongy bone is located where on long bones?

Answer 49

at the ends

Question 50

Spongy bone is ____ with spaces

Answer 50

lattice

Question 51

What are the rings on bone tissue called?

Answer 51

lamella

Question 52

What does blood travel through in bones?

Answer 52

Haversian/central canal

Question 53

What are the spaces between lamella called?

Answer 53

lacunae

Question 54

What are the projections off lacunae called that allow for the communication between osteocytes?

Answer 54

canaliculi

Question 55

What is the horizontal connection that allows blood vessels and nerves to travel between osteons?

Answer 55

Volkmann's canal

Question 56

Spongy bone does not have what type of cells?

Answer 56

osteons

Question 57

Why does spongy bone have lamelle without canals?

Answer 57

they already have open spaces in the lattice

Question 58

Why does spongy bone have lamella not in a canal?

Answer 58

there is already open spaces in the lattice

Question 59

Trabeculae of the spongy bone follows the lines of ____ and _____

Answer 59

tension, compression

Question 60

What are the two types of bone growth?

Answer 60

interstitial and appositional

Question 61

Interstitial growth is growth in _____

Answer 61

length

Question 62

When does interstitial growth occur?

Answer 62

childhood and adolescence

Question 63

Where does interstitial growth occur?

Answer 63

growth plate made of cartilage

Question 64

What is the sign that interstitial growth can cease?

Answer 64

epiphysis and diaphysis meet and growth plates ossify

Question 65

Appositional growth is growth in ____

Answer 65

thickness

Question 66

In appositional growth, _____ destroys old bone and _____ creates new bone

Answer 66

osteoclasts, osteoblasts

Question 67

In appositional growth, osteoclasts also remove bone in the _____

Answer 67

medullary cavity

Question 68

Compact bone is replaced every how many years?

Answer 68

10

Question 69

Spongy bone is replaced every how many years?

Answer 69

3-4

Question 70

Osteoclasts breaking down bone tissue is known as ____

Answer 70

bone resorption

Question 71

Osteoblasts laying down new bone is known as ____

Answer 71

bone depostion

Question 72

Osteoblasts laying down new bone is known as ____

Answer 72

bone deposition

Question 73

Remodeling of bone is in response to what?

Answer 73

mechanical stress

Question 74

Bone remodeling is done to ______

Answer 74

maintain total bone mass