Brian and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
1
Q
The cerebrum is divided into ___ hemispheres
A
2
2
Q
What are the three major parts of the brain?
A
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
3
Q
The diencephalon is located in what major part of the brain?
A
cerebral hemispheres
4
Q
What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
A
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
5
Q
The medulla oblongata passes through what part of the skull?
A
foramen magnum
6
Q
The _____ is known as the forebrain
A
prosencephalon
7
Q
The prosencephalon is known as the ______
A
forebrain
8
Q
The _____ is known as the midbrain
A
mesencephalon
9
Q
The mesencephalon is known as the _____
A
midbrain
10
Q
The _____ is known as the hindbrain
A
rhombencephalon
11
Q
The rhombencephalon is known as the _____
A
hindbrain
12
Q
What primary vesicles are present at 4 weeks development?
A
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
13
Q
The prosencephalon develops into what two structures?
A
telencephalon, diencephalon
14
Q
The telencephalon originates as _____
A
prosecephalon
15
Q
The diencephalon originates as ______
A
prosecephalon
16
Q
The telencephalon develops into _____
A
cerebrum
17
Q
The cerebrum originates from the _____
A
telencephalon
18
Q
The mesencephalon develops into the __________
A
mesencephalon
19
Q
The mesencephalon develops (fully) into the _______
A
midbrain
20
Q
The rhombencephalon develops into what structures?
A
metencephalon, myelencephalon
21
Q
The metencephalon develops from the _____
A
rhombencephalon
22
Q
The myelencephalon develops from the ________
A
rhombencephalon
23
Q
The metencephalon develops into _____ and _______
A
pons, cerebellum
24
Q
The pons develops from the _______
A
metencephalon
25
The cerebellum develops from the _______
metencephalon
26
The myelencephalon develops into the _________
medulla oblongata
27
The medulla oblongata develops from the ________
myelencephalon
28
The structures of the brain are completed after ____ weeks
5
29
The deep groove of the cerebrum is called the _____ _____
lateral fissure
30
The dividing grooves of the cerebrum are called _____
sulcus
31
The wrinkles of the cerebrum are called ______
gyrus
32
The grey matter of the brain is the _______ matter made of ____ ______
outer, cell bodies
33
The _____ is the outer ring of grey matter of the brain
cortex
34
____ _____ are areas of grey matter embedded in white matter
cerebral nuclei
35
The white matter is the ______ matter of the brain made of _____ ______
inner, myelinated axons
36
Two major cerebrum fissures are ____ and _____
longitudinal, latitudinal
37
The two parts of the dura mater are what?
periosteal dura, meningeal dura
38
The outer layer of dura mater that attaches to the skull is ____
periosteal dura
39
The inner layer of dura mater that separates into the dural septum is _____
meningeal dura
40
The innermost meninge is what?
pia mater
41
The space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater is the ____ _____
subarachnoid space
42
_____ _____ is the extension of arachnoid mater that anchors the arachnoid mater the the pia mater
arachnoid trabeculae
43
The subarachnoid space is filled with ____ and protects brain from ________
CSF, shock
44
What is the outermost meninge?
dura mater
45
What is the intermediate layer of meninge?
arachnoid
46
The ____ ____ fans out from the falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
47
The ____ ____ is the midline of the skull that acts for motion protection
falx cerebri
48
The ____ _____ _____ receives blood from the two hemispheres
superior sagittal sinus
49
The superior sagittal sinus receives blood from the ________
hemispheres
50
The _____ _____ ____ is a true vein that drains blood from the deeper brain
great cerebral vein
51
The straight sinus drains into the ____ _____ _____
confluence of sinuses
52
The ____ ___ ______ is where blood collects from the veins of the brain
confluence of sinuses
53
The confluence of sinuses sends blood out from left and right into the ___ ____ ____
interior jugular vein
54
_____ is the term for brain cavities
ventricles
55
CSF is produced in the ___ _____
chorae plexus
56
What are the 3 ventricles?
lateral, third, fourth
57
__CSF leaks from what ventricle?
fourth
58
CSF leaks from the 4th ventricle into the ______ ________
subarachnoid space
59
Blood circulates in the subarachnoid space for _____ and _____ _________
buoyancy, shock absorption
60
The route that CSF takes through the ventricles is ____ to ____ to _____
lateral, third, fourth
61
___ _____ are one way CSF valves that block leakage of blood into the subarachnoid space
arachnoid villi
62
Each ventricle has ___ ____
chori plexus
63
The division of the brain into left and right cerebral hemispheres is due to the _______ _________
longitudinal fissure
64
The pre-central gyrus controls _____
motor
65
The post-central gyrus controls ________
sensory
66
The pre-central and post-central gyrus are separated by the ____ ______
central sulcus
67
The parietal lobe and occipital lobe are separated by the ____-______ ______
parieto-occipital sulcus
68
Is the primary motor cortex, controls skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body, and where paralysis deficit occurs
precentral gyrus
69
Is the motor speech area that controls outgoing communication by organizing thoughts to be expressed
Broca's ara
70
Is the motor speech area that controls outgoing communication by organizing thoughts to be expressed
Broca's area
71
Is the receptor of smell signals
primary olfactory cortex
72
Controls hearing from nerve impulses of the inner ear
primary auditory cortex
73
Collects vision reception from optic nerves
primary visual cortex
74
Is responsible for sensory speech, allowing you to understand incoming speech and reading
Wernicke's area
75
Receives skin sensation from the opposite side of the body, a deficit causes skin numbness
postcentral gyrus
76
Is between the frontal and temporal nerve are receives taste impulses
insula
77
The first sense that is developed is what?
taste
78
This side of the brain control spoken and written language, numerical and scientific skills, and reasoning
right
79
This side of the brain is for musical and artistic awareness, space and pattern perception, insight, imagination, and generating mental images to compare spatial relationships
left
80
____ _____ interconnect parts of the same hemisphere
association tracts
81
____ _____ connect one hemisphere to the other
commissural tracts
82
The largest commissural tract is what?
corpus callosum
83
What is the corpus callosum?
the largest commissural tract
84
____ ___ can be severed to prevent seizures
corpus callosum
85
_____ ______ carry axons of brain cells that leave the brain to the stem and spinal cord
projection tracts
86
What are the 3 major parts of the diencephalon?
thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus
87
Relays somatosensation to cerebral cortex
thalamus
88
Controls the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, regulates body temp, controls emotion, hunger and thirst, and oversees the circadian rhythm
hypothalamus
89
The ______ communicates with the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
90
Causes the pineal gland to secrete melatonin
Epithalamus
91
The ______ makes up the walls of the 3rd ventricle
diencephalon
92
The _____ allows CSF to flow down from 3rd ventricle to 4th
cerebral (mesencephalic) aquaduct
93
The _____ _____ are pillars in the front of the midbrain that are composed of bundles of neuron projections (tracks)
cerebral penduncles
94
What combines to form the corpa quadragenda?
superior and inferior colluculi
95
What part of the brain allows you to track objects travelling through space?
superior colliculi
96
What part of the brain allows you to track objects based on sound?
inferior colliculi
97
What is the dark tissue of the midbrain called?
substantia nigra
98
What part of the midbrain contains dopaminergic neurons?
substantia nigra
99
Degradation of ________ neurons causes Parkinson's Disease
dopaminergic
100
The pons contains the ______ control center
respiratory
101
The _____ relays info to the cerebellum
pons
102
The medulla oblongata contains the ____ and _____ controls systems
cardiac, respiratory
103
_______ refines motor/skeletal muscles activity
cerebellum
104
The ____ _____ sends motor axons as a rough draft
motor cortex
105
The ______ receives input at all times from skeletal muscles
cerebellum
106
Muscles have _____ neurons
sensory
107
The folds on the cerebellum are called ______
folia
108
There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves
12
109
CN 1
olfactory
110
olfactory
CN 1
111
CN 2
optic
112
optic
CN 2
113
Oculomotor
CN 3
114
CN 3
oculomotor
115
Trochlear
CN 4
116
CN 4
trochlear
117
CN 5
trigeminal
118
trigeminal
CN 5
119
CN 6
abducens
120
abducens
CN 6
121
CN 7
facial
122
facial
CNS 7
123
CN 8
vestibulococlear
124
vestibulocochlear
CN 8
125
CN 9
glossopharyngeal
126
glossopharyngeal
CN 9
127
CN 10
vagus
128
vagus
CN 10
129
CN 11
accessory
130
accessory
CN 11
131
CN 12
hypoglossal
132
hypoglossal
CN 12
133
S/M/B: olfactory
Sensory
134
S/M/B: optic
Sensory
135
S/M/B: oculomotor
Motor
136
S/M/B: trochlear
motor
137
S/M/B: trigeminal
both
138
S/M/B: abducens
motor
139
S/M/B: facial
both
140
S/M/B: vestibulocochlear
sensory
141
S/M/B: glossopharyngeal
both
142
S/M/B: vagus
both
143
S/M/B: accessory
motor
144
S/M/B: hypoglossal
motor
145
where does it travel through: olfactory
olfactory foramina
146
where does it travel through: optic
optic canal
147
where does it travel through: oculomotor
superior orbital fissure
148
where does it travel through: trochlear
superior orbital fissure
149
where does it travel through: trigeminal 1
superior orbital fissure
150
where does it travel through: abducens
superior orbital fissure
151
where does it travel through: trigeminal 2
foramen rotundum
152
where does it travel through: trigeminal 3
foramen ovale
153
where does it travel through: facial
internal auditory meatus
154
where does it travel through: vestibularcochlear
internal auditory meatus
155
where does it travel through: glssopharyngeal
jugular foramen
156
where does it travel through: vagus
jugular foramen
157
where does it travel through: accessory
jugular foramen
158
where does it travel through: hypoglossal
hypoglossal foramen
159
CN 1 is responsible for what function?
smell
160
where is the location for the receptors of CN 1?
nasal cavity
161
what is the pathway through the skull for CN 1?
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
162
the ____ ____ relays interneurons of the fibers of olfactory nerves
olfactory bulbs
163
CN 2 has what function?
vision
164
What is the location of the receptors for CN 2?
retina of eyes
165
What is the pathway through the skull for CN 2?
optic foramen
166
The ___ ____ is where the nerves cross f the two optic nerves
optic chiasm
167
The visual cortex is in the ___ ____
occipital lobe
168
This eye muscles allows for elevation with adduction
superior rectus
169
This eye muscles allows for adduction
medial rectus
170
This eye muscles allows for depression with adduction
inferior rectus
171
This eye muscles allows for depression with abduction
superior oblique
172
This eye muscles allows for abduction
lateral rectus
173
This eye muscles allows for elevation with abduction
inferior oblique
174
What eye muscle weaves through the trochlea?
superior oblique
175
what eye muscles elevates the upper eyelid?
levator palpebrae superioris
176
The _____ _____ eye muscle passes through the trochlea and becomes tendon
superior oblique
177
What nerve sends impulses to the smooth muscle of the eye that changes pupil shape and changes the shape of the lens to allow for the images to focus on the retina?
Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
178
The trochlear nerve has what function?
eye movement
179
The abducens nerve has what function?
eye movement
180
What are the 3 trigeminal nerves?
ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
181
what trigeminal part is responsible for sensation from skin of face?
V1,V2,V3
182
what trigeminal part is responsible for sensation from the cornea?
V1
183
what trigeminal part is responsible for sensation from paranasal sinuses
V1, V2
184
what trigeminal part is responsible for sensation from upper teeth?
V2
185
what trigeminal part is responsible for sensation from lower teeth?
V3
186
what trigeminal part is responsible for sensation from the tongue?
V3
187
what trigeminal part is responsible for somatic motor to muscles of mastication?
V3
188
Ophthalmic is V____
1
189
Maxillary is V_____
2
190
Mandibular is V____
3
191
The supraorbital foramen is an opening allowing nerves to branch to the ____
forehead
192
The infraorbital foramen is an opening allowing nerves to branch to the ____
skin of face below the eye
193
The mental foramen is an opening allowing nerves to branch to the ____
skin of the chin and lower lip
194
What are the 3 salivary glands?
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
195
All salivary glands have ____ that allow saliva to enter the oral cavity
ducts
196
What are the functions of CN 7?
motor to muscles of facial expression, motor to lacrimal gland, motor to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, and taste from tongue
197
What is the pathway through skull for CN 7?
internal auditory meatus
198
What is the function of CN 8?
hearing and balence
199
What is the pathway through the skull for CN 8?
internal auditory meatus
200
What is the function of CN 9?
motor to parotid gland, general sensation/touch and taste from tongue
201
What is the pathway through the skull for CN 9?
jugular foramen
202
the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is called the ____
root
203
The root of the tongue has what 2 functions?
general sensation, taste
204
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue is called the _____
body
205
the body of the tongue has what two functions?
general sensation, taste
206
The taste from the root of the tongue occurs from what nerve?
glossopharyngeal
207
the general sensation from the root of the tongue occurs from what nerve?
glossopharyngeal
208
the taste from the body of the tongue occurs from what nerve?
facial
209
the general sensation from the body of the tongue occurs from what nerve?
mandibular div of the trigeminal nerve
210
What is the function of CN 10?
motor to muscles of pharynx and larynx, motor to heat, bronchi, and muscles of the digestive tract, and sensation from pharynx and larynx
211
The pharynx is the ____ and controls ______
throat, swallowing
212
The larynx is the ____ and controls _____
voice box, speaking
213
What is the pathway through the skull of CN 10?
jugular foramen
214
The larynx is also a part of the _____ system
respiratory
215
What is the function of CN 11?
somatic motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
216
What is the pathway through the skull for CN 11?
jugular foramen
217
Where does the accessory nerve originate?
upper cervical spinal cord
218
The accessory nerve enters the skull through the ___ _____
foramen magnum
219
The accessory nerve spans what vertebrae?
C1-C6
220
What is the function of CN 12?
somatic motor to muscles of the tongue
221
What is the pathway through the skull for CN 12?
hypoglossal foramen
