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Anatomy3651 > Muscle Tissue and Joints > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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2
Q

what are the 4 main functions of muscle tissue?

A

facilitate movement, open and close body passageways, thermoregulation, and maintaining posture/support for joints

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3
Q

where is skeletal muscle tissue located?

A

all throughout the body

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4
Q

what type of muscle tissue functions for movement under voluntary control?

A

skeletal

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5
Q

what type of muscle tissue has the appereance of very long, cylindrical cells, striations, and peripherally located multinucleated cells?

A

skeletal

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6
Q

where is smooth muscle tissue located?

A

GI, urinary , vascular tissue

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7
Q

what type of muscle tissue functions via contractions that control movement of material under involuntary control?

A

smooth

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8
Q

What type of muscle tissue has the appearance of short, spindle shaped cells that lack striations and have a single, central nucleus?

A

smooth

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9
Q

where is myocardium (cardiac muscle) located?

A

muscle of the heart

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10
Q

what type of muscle tissue functions to contract the heart to pump blood under involuntary control?

A

myocardium

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11
Q

what type of muscle tissue has the appearance of short, bifurcated cells with striations and centrally located mono- or bi-nucleus?

A

myocardium

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12
Q

what type of muscle tissue has intercalated discs?

A

myocardium

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13
Q

what do intercalated discs do?

A

rapid transport of impulse

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14
Q

what is responsible for the rapid transport of impulse in the myocardium?

A

intercalated discs

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15
Q

what are the 5 parts of skeletal muscle organization?

A

muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber (myocyte), myofibrils, myofilaments

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16
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle?

A

epimysium

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17
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds fascicles?

A

perimysium

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18
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle fibers?

A

endomysium

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19
Q

what is the term for repeating contractile units that give muscle the striated appereance?

A

sarcomeres

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20
Q

where are sarcomeres located?

A

myofibrils

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21
Q

what are the two myofilaments found in sarcomeres?

A

myosin and actin

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22
Q

what myofilament is thick?

A

myosin

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23
Q

what myofilament is thin?

A

actin

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24
Q

what is described as the linear contraction achieved by thick and thin myofilaments sliding against each other?

A

sliding filament mechanism

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25
Q

how do muscles move bones?

A

happens over at least one joint and is the brining of the insertion to the origin

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26
Q

what attachment of the muscle is less mobile?

A

origin

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27
Q

what attachment of the muscle attaches to the axial skeleton when crossing from axial to appendicular skeleton?

A

origin

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28
Q

what attachment of the muscle is the proximal attachment when taking about extremities?

A

origin

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29
Q

what attachment of the muscle is more mobile?

A

insertion

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30
Q

what attachment of the muscle attaches to the appendicular skeleton when crossing from axial to appendicular skeleton?

A

insertion

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31
Q

what attachment of the muscle is the distal attachment when talking about extremities?

A

insertion

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32
Q

muscle compartments are muscles with similar ____, ____, and/or ____

A

function, innervation, blood supply

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33
Q

what is another word for joint?

A

articulation

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34
Q

what is described as the place of contact between two or more bones?

A

joint

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35
Q

more planes of motions means _____ stability

A

reduced

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36
Q

what two ways increase stability?

A

muscular support and ligamentous attachment

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37
Q

mobility and stability have an ____ relationship

A

inverse

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38
Q

what are the 3 classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synvial

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39
Q

____ is the class of joints that are connected by dense regular connective tissue

A

fibrous

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40
Q

____ is the class of joints that are connected by plates of cartilage

A

cartilaginous

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41
Q

_____ is the class of joints with articular capsule with joint cavity

A

synovial

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42
Q

what are the 3 categories of fibrous joints?

A

gomphosis, sutures, syndemosis

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43
Q

what are the 2 categories of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

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44
Q

what are the 6 categories of synovial joints?

A

planar, hinge, pivot, saddle, condylar, ball-socket

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45
Q

between teeth and sockets is an example of what type of fibrous joint?

A

gomphosis

46
Q

between skull bones is an example of what type of fibrous joint?

A

sutures

47
Q

the membranes between tibia/fibula and radius/ulna are an example of what type of fibrous joint?

A

syndemosis

48
Q

the epiphyseal plates and the 1st rib manubrium are examples of what type of cartilaginous joint?

A

synchondrosis

49
Q

what type of cartilaginous joint is connected by hyaline cartilage?

A

synchondrosis

50
Q

intervetebral discs and pubic symphysis are examples of what type of cartilaginous joint?

A

symphysis

51
Q

what type of cartilaginous joint is connected by fibrocartilage?

A

symphysis

52
Q

what type of synovial joint movement is when the bones slide across each other on a plane and are not able to move around an axis?

A

nonaxial

53
Q

what type of synovial joint movement is movement around one axis?

A

uniaxial

54
Q

what type of synovial joint movement is movement around 2 axes/planes and is front to back and side to side?

A

biaxial

55
Q

what type of synovial joint movement is movement around all 3 axes/planes and is front to back, side to side, and rotating/twisting?

A

multiaxial

56
Q

intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of what type of synovial joints?

A

gliding/planar

57
Q

the elbow, knee, and interphalangeal joints are examples of what type of synovial joints?

A

hinge

58
Q

the radioulnar and atlantoaxial joints are examples of what type of synovial joints?

A

pivot

59
Q

metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are examples of what type of synovial joints?

A

condylar

60
Q

the thumb (first carpometacarpal) joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?

A

saddle

61
Q

the shoulder and hip joints are examples of what type of synovial joints?

A

ball and socket

62
Q

gliding/planar joints move _____

A

as flat surfaces gliding across each other

63
Q

hinge joints move around ____ axis

A

a single

64
Q

pivot joints move around ____ axis

A

a central

65
Q

condylar joints move around ____ axis

A

biaxial

66
Q

saddle joints adjoin bones that have ___ and ____ surfaces

A

convex, concave

67
Q

ball and socket joints move around _____ axis and have the ____ range of motion

A

3, greatest

68
Q

flexion _____ the angle

A

decreases

69
Q

extension ____ the angle

A

increases

70
Q

abduction is movement ______ the midline

A

away

71
Q

adduction is movement ____ the midline

A

toward

72
Q

lateral rotation is movement ______

A

outward

73
Q

medial rotation is movement _____

A

inward

74
Q

supination is rotating the _____ ______

A

palms, anteriorly

75
Q

pronation is rotating the ____ ______

A

palms, posteriorly

76
Q

inversion is rotating the ____ ______

A

sole of the foot, inward

77
Q

eversion is rotating the _____ _____

A

sole of the foot, outward

78
Q

elevation is movement ______

A

superiorly

79
Q

depression is movement _____

A

inferiorly

80
Q

What are some tissues that muscles attach to?

A

bone, skin, etc.

81
Q

Allowing blood vessels to constrict and relax are examples of how muscles do which of their functions?

A

blood circulation

82
Q

What is the purpose of sphincter muscles?

A

contract to prevent passage, relax to allow for waste elimination

83
Q

What will your muscle tissues cause you to do if you need help with thermoregulation?

A

shiver

84
Q

Cardiac muscles are _____ to allow cells to _____ for impulse conductions

A

bifurcated, interact with each other

85
Q

The myocardium is the _____ layer of the heart

A

middle

86
Q

The middle layer of the heart is the _____

A

myocardium

87
Q

_____ are the contractile units of muscle fibers

A

sarcomeres

88
Q

____ sarcomeres make the muscle fiber long, while _____ sarcomeres make the muscle fiber short

A

relaxed, contracted

89
Q

The axial skeleton is the ____ bones

A

central

90
Q

The appendicular skeleton is the bones of the _____

A

extremeties

91
Q

The muscle between teeth and sockets are an example of what type?

A

gomphosis

92
Q

Skull bones are connected by what type of joints?

A

sutures

93
Q

Syndesmosis are the joints _____

A

between bones

94
Q

Ligaments are made of _____ connective tissue

A

dense regular

95
Q

Wrist and ankle bones are connected by what type of joint?

A

gliding/planar

96
Q

The muscle that makes your head move side to side (atlantoaxial joint C1-C2) is what type of joint?

A

pivot

97
Q

What type of joint allows fingers to move side to side and flex?

A

condylar

98
Q

Flexion and extension happen in what plane?

A

saggittal

99
Q

Abduction and adduction happen in what plane?

A

coronal

100
Q

When your forearm is in supination, the bones are _____

A

parallel

101
Q

When your forearm is in pronation, the bones are ____

A

crossed-over

102
Q

The ___ ____ is the neurons control center that receives, integrates, and sends out nerve impulses

A

cell body

103
Q

The ____ _____ carries sensory info from skin to cell body

A

peripheral

104
Q

The _____ detects touch, pain, temp, and vibrations of skin

A

dendrites

105
Q

The ______ ______ sends impulses from the cell body the the CNS

A

central process

106
Q

The ____ ____ _____ is where a central and peripheral process attach to the cell body

A

short single process

107
Q

The _____ transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

A

axons

108
Q

99% of neurons are what type?

A

interneurons

109
Q

The ____ ___ _____ controls substances that can leave capillaries and enter the fluid surrounding neurons

A

blood brain barrier

110
Q

Sodium enter the neuron makes the inside ______ relative to the outside

A

positive

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

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