Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy3651 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

arteries travel ____ the heart

A

away from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

veins travel ____ the heart

A

towards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 4 components of the circulatory/cardiovascular system?

A

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the heart sits within the ___ of the thorax

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the heart sits ____ to the left and ___ to the right

A

2/3, 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the base of the heart is at what landmark?

A

sternal angle (2nd rib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the apex of the heart is at what landmark?

A

5th intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the apex of the heart is ____ facing

A

anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the anterior border of the heart?

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the anterior border of the heart?

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the right ventricle is the ____ border

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the left ventricle is the ___ border

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the lateral border of the heart?

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the superior border of the heart?

A

right and left atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the ___ and _____ are the superior border of the heart

A

right atria, left atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the lining of the heart?

A

pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the pericardium secretes ____ for ____

A

serous fluid, lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 3 layers of the pericardium?

A

fibrous, parietal, visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the serous pericardium?

A

parietal, visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what separates the parietal and visceral pericardium?

A

pericardial space/cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the term for the serous fluid filled space between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

A

pericardial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the term for an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that prevents the heart chambers from expanding and filling?

A

cardiac tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cardiac tamponade prevents the heart chambers from ___ and ____

A

expanding, filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the outmost layer of the heart wall?

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the visceral pericardium is also known as what?

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the middle layer of the heart wall?

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the myocardium communications via what?

A

cell junctions called gap junctions/intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the innermost layer of the heart wall?

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is endocardium made of?

A

epithelium and subendothelial connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the two heart circuits?

A

pulmonary, systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what circuit involves the right chambers?

A

pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what circuit involves deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what circuit pumps to the lungs?

A

pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what circuit involves the left chambers?

A

systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what circuit is the strongest?

A

systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what circuit involves oxygenated blood?

A

systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what circuit pumps blood to the body?

A

systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are the 3 veins that blood enter the right atrium through?

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

blood from the superior vena cava comes from the ___ ____

A

upper body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

blood from the inferior vena cava comes from the ____ ____

A

lower body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

blood from the coronary sinus comes from ____

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

the posterior half of the right atrium is called the ___ _____

A

sinus venarum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is the name of the sinus venarum during embryonic development?

A

sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

the anterior of the right atrium has texture called ___ _____

A

pectinate muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the pectinate muscle and smooth wall of the right atrium is separated by the ___ ______

A

Crista Terminalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what sends blood into the pulmonary trunk that then goes into the lungs?

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what receives oxygen poor blood that is eventually send to the lungs?

A

right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

the pulmonary trunk exits the heart at the ____

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what structure provides structure and support to the ventricle walls?

A

trabeculae carneae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is the cone shaped ventricular flow that conducts blood into the pulmonary trunk?

A

conus arteriosus (infundibulum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is the structure that connects papillary muscles to the cusps of the valves?

A

chordae tendinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what structure extends from the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle?

A

moderator band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what kind of fibers make up the moderator band?

A

nerve/Purkinje

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

nerve/Purkinje fibers carry ____ ____ for contraction of the heart from interventricular septum to anterior papillary muscle

A

electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

nerve/Purkinje fibers carry electrical impulses for contraction of the heart from ____ ____ to ___ ____ ____

A

interventricular septum, anterior papillary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what receives oxygen rich blood?

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

blood enters through 4 ___ ____ into the left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

the 4 pulmonary veins take blood from the ____ to the ___ ____

A

lungs, left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

the left atrium has ___ wall

A

smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

from the inside of the left atrium, you can see the ___ _____

A

fossa ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

the left atrium is lined with ___ _____

A

pectinate muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what sends blood to the aorta to the rest of the body?

A

left ventricle

63
Q

the ___ ____ is the depression that separates atria from ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

64
Q

the coronary sulcus separates what?

A

atria from ventricles

65
Q

the aorta exits the heart at the ____

A

trunk

66
Q

myocardium is thicker on what side of the heart?

A

left

67
Q

what separates the atria?

A

interatrial septum

68
Q

the interatrial septum separates what?

A

left from right atria

69
Q

what separates the ventricles?

A

interventricular septum

70
Q

the interventricular septum separates what?

A

left from right ventricle

71
Q

what is the purpose of heart valves?

A

ensure unidirectional flow

72
Q

how many heart valves are there?

A

4

73
Q

what are the 2 categories of heart valves?

A

atrioventricular, semilunar

74
Q

the atrioventricular valves connect what?

A

atria to corresponding ventricle

75
Q

what valve connects the right atrium and ventricle?

A

tricuspid

76
Q

what valve connects the left atrium and ventricle?

A

bicuspid/mitral

77
Q

what is another term for the mitral valve?

A

bicuspid

78
Q

when the heart is relaxed, does blood stop or flow through valves?

A

flow

79
Q

when the ventricles contract, valves will _____ due to the change in pressure

A

close

80
Q

what type of valves prevent blood that is leaving the heart from flowing back into the ventricles?

A

semilunar

81
Q

what is the name of the valve connecting the left ventricle and aorta?

A

aortic

82
Q

what is the name of the valve connecting the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?

A

pulmonary

83
Q

___ ____ ensure unidirectional flow of blood

A

heart valves

84
Q

The atrioventricular valve connecting the R atrium to R ventricle is the ____

A

tricuspid

85
Q

the atrioventricular valve connecting the L atrium to R ventricle is the ____

A

bicuspid/mitral

86
Q

When heart is relaxed, blood _____

A

flows

87
Q

when ventricles contract, valves _____ due to change in pressure

A

close

88
Q

the semilunar valves prevent blood from leaking and flowing back into the ____

A

ventricles

89
Q

the semilunar valve between the L ventricle and aorta is called the _____

A

aortic

90
Q

the semilunar valve between the R ventricle and pulmonary trunk is called the _____

A

pulmonary

91
Q

the fetal heart receives _____ blood from the mother

A

oxygenated

92
Q

the umbilical cord carries ____ blood from ____ to _____

A

oxygenated, placenta, heart

93
Q

the umbillical artery carries ______ blood from ___ to ____

A

deoxygenated, heart, placenta

94
Q

the ____ ______ is a hole to enable flood travel directly from R to L atrium in a fetus

A

foramen ovale

95
Q

the foramen ovale allows blood to travel directly from where to where?

A

R to L atrium

96
Q

the __ ____ closes shortly after birth to become the ___ _____

A

foramen ovale, fossa ovalis

97
Q

the ___ _____ are ducts between arteries in the fetus

A

ductus arteriosus

98
Q

the ductus arteriosus carries blood from the ___ ___ ____ to the ____

A

left pulmonary artery, aorta

99
Q

what in the fetal heart has the function of diverting oxygenated blood out of the left pulmonary artery to the aorta and tissues of the body?

A

ductus arteriosus

100
Q

____ ___ ____ is also called patent foramen ovale

A

atrial septum defect

101
Q

ASD is ____ for years

A

non-symptomatic

102
Q

ASD causes ___ blood to flow from ___ ___ to ___ ____

A

deoxygenated, R atrium, L atrium

103
Q

ASD causes the ___ ___ to fill with ____ blood

A

L atrium, deoxygenated blood

104
Q

In ASD, once the deoxygenated blood flows to the L atrium, it goes where?

A

into aorta and all body tissues

105
Q

deoxygenated blood flowing into the aorta and then body tissues causes what condition?

A

hypoxia

106
Q

what is defined as a decrease in blood oxygen concentration?

A

hypoxia

107
Q

____ ____ _____ is when the interventricular septum that separates the R and L ventricles does not fully development

A

ventricular septum defect (VSD)

108
Q

the interventricular septum grows from what during development?

A

myocardium

109
Q

what condition is known as a “hole in the heart?”

A

ventricular septum defect

110
Q

___ ____ provide blood supply to the myocardium

A

coronary arteries

111
Q

___ _____ are openings in the aorta distal to the aortic semilunar valve

A

coronary arteries

112
Q

blood enters the coronary arteries from the ____ when the ___ ____ valve is closed the the left ventricle is relaxed and filling

A

aorta, aortic semilunar

113
Q

what two arteries does the left coronary artery branch into?

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD), circumflex artery

114
Q

what arteries does the circumflex artery branch into?

A

left marginal arteries

115
Q

what two arteries does the right coronary artery branch into?

A

right marginal artery, posterior intereventricular artery

116
Q

what artery does the circumflex artery come from?

A

left coronary artery

117
Q

what artery does the posterior interventricular artery come from?

A

right coronary artery

118
Q

____ ____ run deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to R atrium

A

cardiac veins

119
Q

cardiac veins run deoxygenated blood from the ____ to the ___ _____

A

myocardium, R atrium

120
Q

the ___ ___ ____ drain from the R ventricle directly into the R atrium

A

anterior cardiac veins

121
Q

cardiac veins travel with the ___ _____ and drain into the ___ ____

A

coronary arteries, coronary sinus

122
Q

the ___ ____ ____ runs along-side the anterior interventricular artery

A

great cardiac vein

123
Q

the ___ ____ ____ becomes the coronary sinus when it drains into the R atrium

A

great cardiac vein

124
Q

the great cardiac veins becomes the ____ _____ when it drains into the R atrium

A

coronary sinus

125
Q

the ___ ___ ____ run along-side the posterior interventricular artery

A

middle cardiac vein

126
Q

the middle cardiac veins runs along-side the ___ ___ ____

A

posterior interventricular artery

127
Q

the middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein empty into the ___ ____

A

coronary sinus

128
Q

the ___ ___ ___ carry deoxygenated blood from the myocardium directly into the lumen chamber of the heart

A

microscopic cardiac veins

129
Q

microscopic cardiac veins carry deoxygenated blood from the myocardium directly into the ____ chamber of the heart

A

lumen

130
Q

what is the cardiac skeleton made up of?

A

dense connective tissue

131
Q

what are the 3 functions of the cardiac skeleton?

A

anchor myocardium, support and reinforce valves, block impulses

132
Q

the SA node is located where?

A

roof of R atrium

133
Q

the AV node is located where?

A

base of R atrium

134
Q

what is the order of impulse travel?

A

SA node, atrial myocardium, AV node, bundle branches, purkinje fibers, septum, papillary muscles, ventricular myocardium

135
Q

purkinje fibers carry impulses from ___ ___ into the ____

A

bundle branches, septum

136
Q

what is the term for contraction of myocardium?

A

systole

137
Q

in systole, the chambers ____ blood

A

pump

138
Q

the ____ sound is caused by the AV valves slamming shut to prevent regurgitation from backflow of blood from ventricles back into the atria

A

LUB

139
Q

what is the term for relaxation of the myocardium?

A

diastole

140
Q

in diastole, the chambers ___ ___blood

A

fill with

141
Q

the ____ sound is caused by the semilunar valve shutting to prevent regurgitation or backflow of blood from arteries back into veins

A

DUB

142
Q

a coronary artery occlusion results in a loss of ____ to the ___ _____

A

impulse, ventricular myocardium

143
Q

impulses can be generated by a _____ in the case of a coronary artery occlusion

A

pacemaker

144
Q

what is the cardiac plexus?

A

all sympathetics and parasympathetics to the heart

145
Q

the cardiac sympathetics are derived from where?

A

thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments

146
Q

sympathetics ____ heart rate/rate of contractions

A

increase

147
Q

the cardiac parasympathetics are derived from where?

A

cranial and sacral spinal cord segments

148
Q

parasympathetics ____ heart rate/rate of contractions

A

decrease

149
Q

what is the first event in the sympathetic response?

A

receptors detect low blood pressure and/or CO2 concentrations

150
Q

low blood pressure and/or CO2 concentrations are detected by what system?

A

sympathetic

151
Q

centers in the ___ ____ send signals via sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves

A

medulla oblongata

152
Q

signals from the medulla oblongata regarding sympathetics and parasympathetics are send where?

A

SA and AV nodes

153
Q

____ ___ ___ is an occlusion of the anterior interventricular artery that causes a loss of blood flow to the bundle branches

A

coronary artery occlusion

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions