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Anatomy3651 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries have ___ blood pressure

A

high

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2
Q

systole is ___ blood pressure

A

high

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3
Q

____ reduce blood pressure

A

arterioles

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4
Q

veins have ____ blood pressure

A

low

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5
Q

capillaries have ___ blood pressure

A

low

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6
Q

diastole is ____ blood pressure

A

low

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7
Q

what are the 3 wall layers of arteries and veins?

A

tunica intima, media, and externa/adventitia

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8
Q

___ ____ is the innermost layer of blood vessels

A

tunica intima

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9
Q

____ _____ is endothelium that is continuous with the lining of the heart

A

tunica intima

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10
Q

internal and external elastic lamina provide blood vessels the ability to ___ and ___

A

expand, recoil

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11
Q

___ ____ is the middle layer of blood vessels

A

tunica media

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12
Q

____ ____ is made of smooth muscle and is under autonomic innervation

A

tunica media

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13
Q

___ ____ is the outermost layer of blood vessels

A

tunica externa/adventitia

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14
Q

___ ____ is made of connective tissue and lines blood vessels

A

tunica externa/adventitia

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15
Q

____ are the diameter of a single red blood cell

A

capillaries

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16
Q

capillaries consist only of _____

A

endothelium

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17
Q

what is endothelium made of?

A

simple squamous epithelium and subendothelial

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18
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal

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19
Q

what type of capillary is permeable to gasses (O2, CO2) and water?

A

continuous

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20
Q

what type of capillary is permeable to molecules and peptides (hormones)?

A

fenestrated

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21
Q

continuous capillaries are permeable to ___ and ____

A

gasses, water

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22
Q

fenestrated capillaries are permeable to ___ and ____

A

molecules, peptides

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23
Q

what type of capillary is permeable to protein and cells, and are found in the liver and spleen?

A

sinusoidal

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24
Q

sinusoidal capillaries are permeable to ___ and ___

A

proteins, cells

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25
Q

where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

liver and spleen

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26
Q

the first segment of the aorta is the ___ _____

A

ascending aorta

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27
Q

the second segment of the aorta is the ___

A

arch

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28
Q

the third segment of the aorta is the ___ ____

A

descending aorta

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29
Q

the aorta becomes the abdominal aorta after passing the _____

A

thorax

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30
Q

what are the 3 branches off the arch of the aorta?

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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31
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

right subclavian artery, right common carotid artery

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32
Q

the descending aorta exits the thorax and becomes the ____ ____

A

abdominal aorta

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33
Q

the abdominal aorta bifurcates into what?

A

left and right common iliac arteries

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34
Q

what do the left and right common iliac arteries bifurcate into?

A

internal and external iliac arteries

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35
Q

the subclavian artery becomes the ____ ______ once it passes the first rib

A

axillary artery

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36
Q

the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery once it passes what structure?

A

first rib

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37
Q

the axillary artery becomes the ___ ___ once it passes teres major

A

brachial artery

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38
Q

the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery once it passes what muscle?

A

teres major

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39
Q

the ___ ___ ___ branches off of the brachial artery and runs posterior to the humerus

A

deep brachial artery

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40
Q

what muscles receive blood supply from the deep brachial artery?

A

triceps brachii

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41
Q

what does the brachial artery bifurcate into?

A

radial and ulnar arteries

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42
Q

the common interosseous artery stems from what artery?

A

ulnar

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43
Q

the radial and ulnar arteries form the ___ ___ ____

A

palmar arch arteries

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44
Q

what two arteries make up the palmary arch arteries?

A

radial, ulnar

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45
Q

arteries branching from the brachial artery are called ____ _____

A

collateral arteries

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46
Q

collateral arteries branch from the __ ____

A

brachial artery

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47
Q

arteries branching from the radial or ulnar arteries are called ___ ____

A

recurrent arteries

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48
Q

recurrent arteries branch from either the ___ or ___ _____

A

radial, ulnar arteries

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49
Q

___ and ____ arteries anastomose to form collateral circulation

A

collateral, recurrent

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50
Q

what does the common carotid artery bifurcate into?

A

internal and external carotid arteries

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51
Q

the external carotid artery supplies blood to what?

A

external head

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52
Q

the internal carotid artery enters the _____

A

cranium

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53
Q

the internal carotid artery supplies ___ and ___ ___ ____

A

anterior, middle of cerebral hemispheres

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54
Q

the vertebral artery supplies ___ ___ ____

A

posterior cerebral hemisphere

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55
Q

the vertebral artery branches off of the ___ _____

A

subclavian artery

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56
Q

the vertebral artery travels through the ___ ____ of the ___ ____

A

transverse foramen, cervical vertebrae

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57
Q

in the event of occluded internal carotid artery, what are the two options for blood flow?

A

posterior cerebral/communicating or anterior cerebral/communicating

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58
Q

in the event of occluded basilar artery, blood can flow through what?

A

the middle cerebral artery and posterior communicating arteries

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59
Q

what does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?

A

right and left common iliac arteries

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60
Q

where do the common iliac arteries bifurcate?

A

pelvis

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61
Q

what do the common iliac arteries bifurcate into?

A

internal and external iliac arteries

62
Q

the external iliac artery bifurcates under the _____ ____ to become the ___ ____

A

inguinal ligament, femoral artery

63
Q

the femoral artery branches into the ___ ___ ____ that travels posterior to the femur

A

deep femoral artery

64
Q

the deep femoral artery supplies blood to what muscles?

A

hamstrings

65
Q

the femoral artery becomes the _____ ____

A

popliteal artery

66
Q

the popliteal artery passes from the ___ to ___ side of the thigh through the ___ _____

A

anterior, posterior, adductor hiatus

67
Q

the popliteal artery bifurcates into what?

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

68
Q

the posterior tibial artery supplies what muscles?

A

flexors

69
Q

the posterior tibial artery branches into what artery?

A

fibular

70
Q

the fibular artery supplies what muscles?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

71
Q

the fibular artery supplies to the ____ ____ of the leg

A

lateral compartment

72
Q

the anterior tibia supplies to the ____ ____ of the leg

A

anterior compartment

73
Q

the anterior tibia supplies what muscles?

A

extensors

74
Q

what does the anterior tibia branch into?

A

dorsalis pedis

75
Q

at what landmark does the anterior tibia branch into the dorsalis pedis?

A

medial/lateral malleolus

76
Q

the dorsalis pedis supplies to the ____ of the foot

A

dorsum

77
Q

where does the dorsalis pedis terminate?

A

arcuate artery

78
Q

the posterior tibial artery becomes what artery?

A

plantar

79
Q

the plantar artery supplies to the ___ of the foot

A

plantar

80
Q

in the event of a popliteal artery occlusion, collateral circulation around the knee can be achieved because the _____ artery will provide circulation between the ___ artery and ___ and ____ _____ artery

A

genicular, femoral, anterior and posterior tibial

81
Q

in the event of an anterior or posterior tibial occlusion, collateral circulation can be achieved around the ankle because the ___ artery anastomosis with the ____ artery

A

arcuate, plantar

82
Q

the thoracic aorta gives rise to what arteries?

A

posterior intercostal

83
Q

the subclavian artery gives rise to what arteries?

A

internal thoracic

84
Q

internal thoracic arteries branch off each side of the ____

A

septum

85
Q

what arteries supply the respiratory diaphragm?

A

internal thoracic arteries

86
Q

the internal thoracic arteries give off what arteries?

A

anterior intercostal arteries

87
Q

what arteries supply the intercostal muscles?

A

anterior and posterior intercostal arteries

88
Q

in the event of an occlusion of the anterior or posterior intercostal arteries, collateral circulation can be achieved because what?

A

they anastomose

89
Q

the abdominal aorta bifurcates into what?

A

left and right common iliac arteries

90
Q

what are the 3 major branches from the abdominal artery to supply organs of digestion?

A

celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

91
Q

what does the celiac trunk supply?

A

liver, stomach, spleen

92
Q

what does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

small and first part of large intestine

93
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

second part of colon, rectum

94
Q

what artery supplies the gonads (ovaries, testicles)?

A

gonadal

95
Q

the gonadal arteries branch off the ____ in ____

A

aorta, pairs

96
Q

the internal iliac artery supplies to organs of the ____

A

pelvis

97
Q

what organs are supplied by the internal iliac artery?

A

bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum, gluteal

98
Q

the internal iliac artery branches into what arteries?

A

superior and inferior gluteal

99
Q

what muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal artery?

A

gluteus medias, minimus, and tensor fascia lata

100
Q

veins begin ____ to capillaries as ____

A

distal, venules

101
Q

veins take blood from ___ to ____

A

body, heart

102
Q

what are the 3 layers of a vein?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunia externa

103
Q

do veins have internal and external elastic lamina?

A

no

104
Q

veins have a thick ___ ____

A

tunica media

105
Q

veins have ____ to prevent backflow due to the ___ pressure

A

valves, low

106
Q

____ ____ pump blood through veins

A

skeletal muscles

107
Q

___ veins travel with arteries and have the same names

A

deep

108
Q

superficial veins travel in the _____

A

hypodrmis

109
Q

what makes up the confluence of sinuses?

A

superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, strait sinus, occipital sinus

110
Q

the confluence of sinuses is drained into the _____ _____

A

transverse sinuses

111
Q

the transverse sinus becomes the ___ ____

A

sigmoid sinus

112
Q

the sigmoid sinus exits the cranium through the ___ _____

A

jugular foramen

113
Q

the jugular foramen becomes the ___ ___ ___when it exits the cranium

A

internal jugular veins

114
Q

the ___ ___ ___ and ____ combine to form the brachiocephalic veins

A

internal jugular vein, subclavian

115
Q

what are the 3 main superficial veins of the upper extremity?

A

cephalic, basilic, median cubital

116
Q

the basilic veins empties into the ___

A

brachial

117
Q

the basilic and brachial veins come together to form the ____ vein

A

axillary

118
Q

the cephalic vein empties into the ____

A

axillary

119
Q

the dorsalis pedis vein drains what?

A

dorsum of foot

120
Q

the anterior tibial vein drains what?

A

anterior compartment of leg

121
Q

the plantar vein drains what?

A

plantar foot

122
Q

the posterior tibial vein drains what?

A

posterior compartment of leg

123
Q

the fibular vein drains what?

A

lateral compartment of leg

124
Q

the deep femoral vein drains what?

A

posterior compartment of thigh

125
Q

what superficial vein of the lower extremity begins superior to the medial malleolus, ascends the medial side of the leg and thigh, and empties into the femoral vein?

A

great saphenous

126
Q

what superficial vein of the lower extremity begins inferior to the lateral malleolus, ascends up the posterior side of the leg, and empties into the popliteal vein?

A

small saphenus

127
Q

the ___ ___ ___ drains the arm and head into the heart

A

superior vena cava

128
Q

the ___ ___ ___ drains the abdomen and lower extremity into the heart

A

inferior vena cava

129
Q

deoxygenated blood from the intercostal muscles drain into the ___ ___ ____

A

anterior intercostal vein

130
Q

deoxygenated blood from the respiratory diaphragm drains into the ___ ___ ____

A

internal thoracic vein

131
Q

the anterior intercostal vein drains into the ___ ___ ____

A

internal thoracic vein

132
Q

the internal thoracic vein drains into the ___ ____

A

subclavian vein

133
Q

posterior intercostal veins drain into what system?

A

axygos system of veins

134
Q

the azygos system of veins carries deoxygenated blood into the ___ ___ ____

A

superior vena cava

135
Q

what part of the azygos system is on the right side?

A

azygos vein

136
Q

what part of the azygos system is on the left side?

A

accessory hemiazygos, hemiazygos

137
Q

the femoral vein becomes what abdominal vein?

A

external iliac (in pelvis)

138
Q

the internal and external iliac veins from the pelvis form the ___ ___ _____

A

common iliac veins

139
Q

the common iliac veins combine to form the __ ___ ____

A

inferior vena cava

140
Q

renal veins carry deoxygenated blood from the kidney and empty into the ___ ___ ___

A

inferior vena cava

141
Q

the ____ renal vein is longer because it travels over the ____ _____

A

left, abdominal aorta

142
Q

the ___ renal vein is very short

A

right

143
Q

____ veins carry deoxygenated blood from ovaries and testicles

A

gonadal

144
Q

venous blood from digestive organs carry ____ that must go to the ___ via ___ ___ ____ for metabolism and storage

A

nutrients, liver, hepatic portal veins

145
Q

the ___ and ____ ___ ____ drain the intestines

A

superior and inferior mesenteric veins

146
Q

the ____ veins drain the spleen

A

splenic

147
Q

caval venous drainage comes from veins that drain into the ___ ___ ___

A

inferior vena cava

148
Q

renal, gonadal, and internal iliac veins are what type of drainage?

A

caval venous drainage

149
Q

portal venous drainage comes from veins that drain organs of digestion and empty into the ___ ___ ___

A

hepatic portal vein

150
Q

intestinal, splenic, and stomach veins are what type of drainage?

A

portal venous drainage

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

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