Pathophys acid base water Flashcards
Where is the majority of body fluid stored?
Intracellular (2/3)
The majority of extracellular fluid is stored where?
Interstitial fluid (2/3)
What electrolytes are stored primarily intracellular?
K+, Mg2+, PO4 3-
What electrolytes are stored primarily extracellular?
Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-
What hormones stimulate decreased urine output? (3)
Angiotensin II
ADH
Aldosterone
What hormones stimulate increased urine output?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Long term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with?
A) Cooling of the mouth
B) Distention of the stomach by ingested water
C) A drop in blood osmolarity
D) Moistening of the mouth
E) Increased salivation
C
In hypovolemia you see _____ osmolarity, whereas in dehydration you see _____ osmolarity
Constant
Increased
In hypervolemia, the extracellular fluid is _____ (iso/hyper/hypo tonic)
Isotonic
In hypotonic hydration, the extracellular fluid is ______.(iso/hyper/hypo tonic)
hypotonic
In what compartment does fluid accumulate in edema?
Interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)
Which of the following holds the largest concentration of Ca2+ ions? A) interstitial fluid B) intracellular C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum D) The stomach
C
Affect of aldosterone on Na+? Water?
Retains Na+ and water.
Maintains Na+ blood plasma concentration
Affect of ADH on Na+? Water?
Retains water, decreasing blood plasma Na+ concentration
Affect of ANP on Na+? Water?
Increases excretion of Na+ and water.
Decreases blood plasma concentration.
What hormones regulate K+ blood plasma levels?
Aldosterone
Affect of aldosterone on K+?
Excretion of K+ by kidneys
Decreases K+ blood plasma concentration
What is the counter ion of Na+?
Cl-
Functions of Cl-?
Stomach denaturation, Fe solubility, Cl- shift, influences pH regulation
Functions of Calcium?
Skeletal strength, muscle contraction, NT release, blood clotting, poly sperm blockage
What hormones regulate calcium?
PTH, calcitriol, calcitonin
Functions of phosphates?
Buffer, activates metabolic pathways, building blocks of nucleotides
What is the 2nd most abundant cation in ICF?
Magnesium
What is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume?
Extracellular Na+
Normal blood pH?
7.35-7.45
Acid is added to the blood from where?
The GI tract and cell metabolic waste
What type of acids are produced by cells as metabolic waste products?
Lactic acid, phosphoric acid, ketoacids
What type of cells in the kidney turn on in acidic states?
Type A intercalated cells
How does the body maintain normal pH when acid is added to the blood?
H+ is secreted in the urine. HCO3- is reabsorbed into the blood.
Where do alkaline products in the blood come from?
Absorbed from GI tract
How does the body maintain normal pH when bases are added to the blood?
Excrete HCO3- into urine
Reabsorbed into the blood
What type of kidney cells function in basic environments?
Type B intercalated cells
How does the body compensate for acidosis?
Increase respiratory rate to breath off CO2
How does the body compensate for alkalosis?
Decrease respiratory rate
The most efficient buffer system in the body is the _____.
The fastest buffer system is _____.
Kidneys
Lungs
What are the 3 major chemical buffers?
Do they work intracellular or extracellular?
Carbonic acid and bicarbonate - ECF
Phosphate - ICF
Protein - ICF
