Pathophys acid base water Flashcards
Where is the majority of body fluid stored?
Intracellular (2/3)
The majority of extracellular fluid is stored where?
Interstitial fluid (2/3)
What electrolytes are stored primarily intracellular?
K+, Mg2+, PO4 3-
What electrolytes are stored primarily extracellular?
Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-
What hormones stimulate decreased urine output? (3)
Angiotensin II
ADH
Aldosterone
What hormones stimulate increased urine output?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Long term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with?
A) Cooling of the mouth
B) Distention of the stomach by ingested water
C) A drop in blood osmolarity
D) Moistening of the mouth
E) Increased salivation
C
In hypovolemia you see _____ osmolarity, whereas in dehydration you see _____ osmolarity
Constant
Increased
In hypervolemia, the extracellular fluid is _____ (iso/hyper/hypo tonic)
Isotonic
In hypotonic hydration, the extracellular fluid is ______.(iso/hyper/hypo tonic)
hypotonic
In what compartment does fluid accumulate in edema?
Interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)
Which of the following holds the largest concentration of Ca2+ ions? A) interstitial fluid B) intracellular C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum D) The stomach
C
Affect of aldosterone on Na+? Water?
Retains Na+ and water.
Maintains Na+ blood plasma concentration
Affect of ADH on Na+? Water?
Retains water, decreasing blood plasma Na+ concentration
Affect of ANP on Na+? Water?
Increases excretion of Na+ and water.
Decreases blood plasma concentration.
What hormones regulate K+ blood plasma levels?
Aldosterone
Affect of aldosterone on K+?
Excretion of K+ by kidneys
Decreases K+ blood plasma concentration
What is the counter ion of Na+?
Cl-
Functions of Cl-?
Stomach denaturation, Fe solubility, Cl- shift, influences pH regulation
Functions of Calcium?
Skeletal strength, muscle contraction, NT release, blood clotting, poly sperm blockage
What hormones regulate calcium?
PTH, calcitriol, calcitonin
Functions of phosphates?
Buffer, activates metabolic pathways, building blocks of nucleotides
What is the 2nd most abundant cation in ICF?
Magnesium
What is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume?
Extracellular Na+
