Diabetes Flashcards
What is the initial therapy for patients with newly diagnosed DMII?
Metformin 500mg QD-BID
Can slowly increase dose to minimize side effects
Why is metformin the first line treatment for DMII?
Glycemic efficacy, absence of weight gain and hypoglycemia, general tolerability, and low cost.
What factors improve tolerance of metformin?
Slow titration, ensure patient is taking medication with food, and ER formulation.
What DMII medications show benefit to patients with cardiovascular or renal disease?
GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors
What are the advantages of early insulin use in DMII patients?
Increase endogenous insulin secretion and sensitivity.
What DMII medications are indicated when weight loss is a priority?
GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors
What medications are useful in DMII if medication cost is a concern?
Sulfonylureas and TZD
What are the downsides to sulfonylureas and TZDs?
Weight gain, heart failure, fractures, and bladder cancer
What DMII medications have the lowest risk of hypoglycemia
GLP-1 agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and TZDs
What medications are Biguandies?
Metformin, glucophage
What medications are DPP-4 Inhibitors?
“gliptins”
Linagliptin (tradjenta), saxagliptin (Onglyza), sitagliptin(januvia),
What medications are GLP-1 receptor agonists?
“tides”
Exenatide(byetta), exenatide ER (Bydureon), Liraglutide (victoza)
What medications are sulfonylureas?
Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride
Which of the sulfonylureas is the longest lasting?
Glimepiride
Which of the sulfonylureas is the shortest acting?
Glipizide
