GUT Urinary tract and pelvis Flashcards
What structure separates the true and false pelvis?
Pelvic inlet
What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
Piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve
What nerve roots supply the skeletal muscle in the perineum and pelvic floor (including the urethral and anal sphincters)?
S2 to S4
What is the name of the major nerve of the perineum?
The pudendal nerve
Where would you preform a pudendal nerve block?
At the ischial tuberosity
What arteries supply blood to the perineum?
Internal iliac artery (ant and post branches)
Infections of the superficial perineal structures would cause lymphadenopathy where?
Superficial inguinal nodes or deep inguinal nodes
Deep pelvic structures drain to what lymphatic vessels?
Internal and external iliac chains
The ovaries and testes drain to what lymphatic vessels?
Lateral and pre-aortic nodes
The perineum is made up of what 2 triangles?
The urogenital triangle (anterior) and anal triangle (posterior)
What muscles is the pelvic diaphragm composed of?
Levator ani (iliococcygeus muscle, pubococcygeus muscle, puborectalsis muscle) and the coccygeus muscle
What is the “muscle of civilization”?
The puborectalis muscle - because it holds in farts
The levator ani and perineal membrane come together at the?
Perineal body
The 3 external anal sphincters are the deep, superficial, and subcutaneous sphincters. What are they innervated by?
inferior rectal branches of the pudendal nerve
The anal pecten represents the transition from ___ to ____.
rectal mucosa to nonkeratinized squamous epithelium
The anocutaenous line represents the transition from ____ to _____
nonkeratinized squamous epithelium to keratinized squamous epithelium (true skin)
The trigone is an area of smooth muscle between connecting what 3 bladder structures?
The opening of the ureters and the internal urethral orifice
What ligament connects the bladder to the abdominal wall?
Median umbilical ligament.
What are the 3 major supporting ligaments of the uterus?
Cardinal ligament (transverse cervical or Mackenrodt)
Uterosacral ligaments
Anterior pubocervical ligament
What are 2 other ligaments of the uterus that are not major supporting ligaments?
Broad ligament of the uterus
Round ligament of the uterus
The deep pouch posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum is called the?
Rectouterine or rectovaginal pouch or pouch of douglas
What are the 3 supporting structures of the ovaries?
Mesovarium
Suspensory ligament
Ligament of Ovary (continuous with round ligament of uterus)
What paired penile structures function as erectile tissues?
Corpora cavernosa
What unpaired penile structure houses the urethra?
corpora spongiosum
What male sex organ lies inferior to the bladder?
The prostate gland
These paired male sex organs lie posterior to the bladder and superior to the prostate.
Seminal vesicles
BPH is caused by hyperplasia in what zone of the prostate?
Transitional zone
The most common location of prostate cancer is the?
Peripheral zone (70%)
What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?
Heat exchange to keep the testes just right.
Arterial supply to the dorsal artery of the penis?
Internal pudendal artery
What supplies the erectile tissues of the penis?
Perineal arteries branching to deep artery of the penis
Testicular arteries arise from where?
Abdominal aorta
Are erections stimulated by SNS or PSNS?
PSNS S2-S4
Sensation from the penis is via what nerve?
Pudendal and perineal nerves
Explain where fluid from a torn urethra would collect.
Why?
Anterior to the anterior abdominal wall.
Not down the legs because the colle’s fascia is continuous with the abdominal fascia but gets tacked down at the inguinal ligament and anterior to the anal triangle.
