Anemia short case Flashcards
What is anemia?
Decreased H and H or RBC count
Lower limits for Hgb and Hct in women?
12 and 36
Lower limits for Hgb and Hct in men?
13.5 and 41
What is MCV?
average size of the RBCs
What is MHC?
Average Hgb content per RBC
What is RDW?
Measure of variation in RBC size
Microcytic anemias have MCV less than?
80
What are the types of microcytic anemias?
IDA Thalassemia Sideroblastic anemia Copper deficiency Zinc poisoning
Most common cause of anemia worldwide?
IDA
Iron studies in IDA anemia?
Decreased ferritin
Increased TIBC
Decreased serum iron
IDA is linked to what esophageal disorder?
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (esophageal webs)
What is thalassemia?
Inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production
What might you see on a blood smear of a patient with thalassemia?
Target cells, basophilic stippling, poikilocytes
Diagnostic test of thalassemia?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Normochromic anemia has an MCV between ___ and ____
80 and 100
Name some causes of normocytic anemia?
Acute blood loss Anemia of chronic dz Chronic renal insufficiency Hemolysis Bone marrow suppresion Endocrine dysfunction
Explain the pathophysiology of AOCD?
Any medical condition causing ongoing state of inflammation causes cytokine release, which decreases RBC production and survival, iron absorption, and EPO production.
Lab abnormalities of AOCD?
decreased serum iron
increased ESR/CRP
What type of anemia is caused by G6PD?
Hemolytic anemia (which is normocytic)
Lab abnormalities of hemolytic anemias?
Increased retic count
increased indirect bilirubin
increased LDH
decreased haptoglobin
What’s the MCV in macrocytic anemia?
> 100
Some common causes of macrocytic anemia?
Alcoholism
Folate deficiency
Vit B12 deficiency
What is myelodysplastic syndrome?
Hematopoietic stem cell disorders causing abnormal cell morphology and ineffective RBC production
Myelodysplastic syndrome can transform into _____
acute leukemia
