Anemia short case

Question 1

What is anemia?

Answer 1

Decreased H and H or RBC count

Question 2

Lower limits for Hgb and Hct in women?

Answer 2

12 and 36

Question 3

Lower limits for Hgb and Hct in men?

Answer 3

13.5 and 41

Question 4

What is MCV?

Answer 4

average size of the RBCs

Question 5

What is MHC?

Answer 5

Average Hgb content per RBC

Question 6

What is RDW?

Answer 6

Measure of variation in RBC size

Question 7

Microcytic anemias have MCV less than?

Answer 7

80

Question 8

What are the types of microcytic anemias?

Answer 8

IDA
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Copper deficiency
Zinc poisoning

Question 9

Most common cause of anemia worldwide?

Answer 9

IDA

Question 10

Iron studies in IDA anemia?

Answer 10

Decreased ferritin
Increased TIBC
Decreased serum iron

Question 11

IDA is linked to what esophageal disorder?

Answer 11

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (esophageal webs)

Question 12

What is thalassemia?

Answer 12

Inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production

Question 13

What might you see on a blood smear of a patient with thalassemia?

Answer 13

Target cells, basophilic stippling, poikilocytes

Question 14

Diagnostic test of thalassemia?

Answer 14

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

Question 15

Normochromic anemia has an MCV between ___ and ____

Answer 15

80 and 100

Question 16

Name some causes of normocytic anemia?

Answer 16

Acute blood loss
Anemia of chronic dz
Chronic renal insufficiency
Hemolysis
Bone marrow suppresion
Endocrine dysfunction

Question 17

Explain the pathophysiology of AOCD?

Answer 17

Any medical condition causing ongoing state of inflammation causes cytokine release, which decreases RBC production and survival, iron absorption, and EPO production.

Question 18

Lab abnormalities of AOCD?

Answer 18

decreased serum iron

increased ESR/CRP

Question 19

What type of anemia is caused by G6PD?

Answer 19

Hemolytic anemia (which is normocytic)

Question 20

Lab abnormalities of hemolytic anemias?

Answer 20

Increased retic count
increased indirect bilirubin
increased LDH
decreased haptoglobin

Question 21

What’s the MCV in macrocytic anemia?

Answer 21

> 100

Question 22

Some common causes of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 22

Alcoholism
Folate deficiency
Vit B12 deficiency

Question 23

What is myelodysplastic syndrome?

Answer 23

Hematopoietic stem cell disorders causing abnormal cell morphology and ineffective RBC production

Question 24

Myelodysplastic syndrome can transform into _____

Answer 24

acute leukemia