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Cam's Cards > Bone - Mace Exam 2 > Flashcards

Bone - Mace Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A

Cartilages, Bone, Ligaments, Tendons

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2
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

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3
Q

What are the types of bone tissue?

A

Compact bone tissue

Spongy bone tissue

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4
Q

What type of connective tissue are ligaments and tendons made of?

A

Dense regular CT

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5
Q

Cartilage is made of a semisolid matrix. What is the matrix composed of?

A

Ground substance, collagen, elastic fibers, NO calcium salt

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6
Q

Function of chondroblasts?

A

Produce matrix and surround themselves until they become trapped in lacunae

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7
Q

A chondroblast that has surrounded itself in matrix is called what?

A

Chondrocyte

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8
Q

What is the perichondrium composed of?

Where is it found?

A

Sheath of dense irregular CT that surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

Why is cartilage slow to heal?

A

It becomes avascular in its mature state.

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10
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A 
Tip of nose
Trachea and bronchioles
Most of the larynx
Costal cartilage
Articular cartilage
Epiphysial plate
fetal skeleton
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11
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

Describe the microscopic appearance of hyaline cartilage.

A

Glassy appearing matrix with invisible fine collagen fibers

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13
Q

Describe the microscopic appearance of elastic cartilage.

A

Conspicuous web-like mesh of elastic fibers

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14
Q

Is elastic cartilage associated with bones?

A

No

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15
Q

Describe the microscopic appearance of fibrocartilage.

A

Large, coarse parallel bundles of collagen fibers

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16
Q

What are some locations of fibrocartilage?

A

Pubis symphysis, menisci, intervertebral discs

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17
Q

What is hemopoiesis?

A

Process of blood cell production.

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18
Q

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A

Inside red bone marrow

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19
Q

Bones are used as storage for what substances?

A

Calcium, phosphate, lipids (in yellow bone marrow in shafts of some adult bones)

20
Q

What is the growth plate made of?

A

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage

21
Q

The periosteum is a tough sheath on the outer surface of bone. What type of CT is it made of?

A

Dense irregular CT

22
Q

What is endosteum?

A

Layer of cells covering all internal surfaces of bone.

23
Q

What types of cells are within the endosteum?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.

24
Q

Where is red marrow located?

A

Portions of the axial skeleton (skull, ribs, pelvis) and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur

25
Q

Bone makes up what percent of adult body weight?

A

12-15%

26
Q

What are the 4 types of cells in bone?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

27
Q

Function of osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Produce cells that mature to become osteoblasts

28
Q

Location of osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Periosteum and endosteum

29
Q

Function of osteoblasts?

A

Synthesize and secrete osteoid

30
Q

What is osteoid?

A

Initial semisolid form of bone matrix

31
Q

What is an osteocytes?

A

Mature bone derived from osteoblasts

32
Q

T/F. Osteocytes form bone matrix

A

False, osteocytes have lost matrix forming ability

33
Q

Function of osteoclasts?

A

Involved in breakdown of bone

34
Q

What are the components of bone matrix?

A

Osteoid
Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystals)
Calcium carbonate, sodium, magnesium ions
Protein

35
Q

Effect of decreased protein on bones?

A

Causes brittle bones

36
Q

Effect of decreased calcium on bones?

A

Causes soft bones that can bow

37
Q

What is the basic functional and structural unit of bone?

A

The osteon

38
Q

What structures lie in the central canal?

A

Blood vessels and nerves

39
Q

Which canals runs parallel to the bone diaphysis, central canals or perforating canals?

A

Central canal

40
Q

What are concentric lamellae?

A

Rings of matrix surrounding the central canal

41
Q

What are external circumferential lamellae?

A

Rings of matrix that run immediately internal to bone periosteum

42
Q

What are internal circumferential lamellae?

A

Run internal to the endosteum

43
Q

What are interstitial lamellae?

A

Rings of matrix between osteons

44
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Tiny interconnecting channels within bone connective tissue

45
Q

Does spongey bone contain osteons?

A

No

46
Q

What is the structure of spongy bone?

A

Lattice of rods and plates called trabeculae

Cam's Cards (103 decks)

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