Bone - Mace Exam 2 Flashcards
What are the components of the skeletal system?
Cartilages, Bone, Ligaments, Tendons
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
What are the types of bone tissue?
Compact bone tissue
Spongy bone tissue
What type of connective tissue are ligaments and tendons made of?
Dense regular CT
Cartilage is made of a semisolid matrix. What is the matrix composed of?
Ground substance, collagen, elastic fibers, NO calcium salt
Function of chondroblasts?
Produce matrix and surround themselves until they become trapped in lacunae
A chondroblast that has surrounded itself in matrix is called what?
Chondrocyte
What is the perichondrium composed of?
Where is it found?
Sheath of dense irregular CT that surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage
Why is cartilage slow to heal?
It becomes avascular in its mature state.
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Tip of nose Trachea and bronchioles Most of the larynx Costal cartilage Articular cartilage Epiphysial plate fetal skeleton
What is the most abundant type of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Describe the microscopic appearance of hyaline cartilage.
Glassy appearing matrix with invisible fine collagen fibers
Describe the microscopic appearance of elastic cartilage.
Conspicuous web-like mesh of elastic fibers
Is elastic cartilage associated with bones?
No
Describe the microscopic appearance of fibrocartilage.
Large, coarse parallel bundles of collagen fibers
What are some locations of fibrocartilage?
Pubis symphysis, menisci, intervertebral discs
What is hemopoiesis?
Process of blood cell production.
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
Inside red bone marrow
Bones are used as storage for what substances?
Calcium, phosphate, lipids (in yellow bone marrow in shafts of some adult bones)
What is the growth plate made of?
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage
The periosteum is a tough sheath on the outer surface of bone. What type of CT is it made of?
Dense irregular CT
What is endosteum?
Layer of cells covering all internal surfaces of bone.
What types of cells are within the endosteum?
Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.
Where is red marrow located?
Portions of the axial skeleton (skull, ribs, pelvis) and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur
Bone makes up what percent of adult body weight?
12-15%
What are the 4 types of cells in bone?
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Function of osteoprogenitor cells?
Produce cells that mature to become osteoblasts
Location of osteoprogenitor cells?
Periosteum and endosteum
Function of osteoblasts?
Synthesize and secrete osteoid
What is osteoid?
Initial semisolid form of bone matrix
What is an osteocytes?
Mature bone derived from osteoblasts
T/F. Osteocytes form bone matrix
False, osteocytes have lost matrix forming ability
Function of osteoclasts?
Involved in breakdown of bone
What are the components of bone matrix?
Osteoid
Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystals)
Calcium carbonate, sodium, magnesium ions
Protein
Effect of decreased protein on bones?
Causes brittle bones
Effect of decreased calcium on bones?
Causes soft bones that can bow
What is the basic functional and structural unit of bone?
The osteon
What structures lie in the central canal?
Blood vessels and nerves
Which canals runs parallel to the bone diaphysis, central canals or perforating canals?
Central canal
What are concentric lamellae?
Rings of matrix surrounding the central canal
What are external circumferential lamellae?
Rings of matrix that run immediately internal to bone periosteum
What are internal circumferential lamellae?
Run internal to the endosteum
What are interstitial lamellae?
Rings of matrix between osteons
What are canaliculi?
Tiny interconnecting channels within bone connective tissue
Does spongey bone contain osteons?
No
What is the structure of spongy bone?
Lattice of rods and plates called trabeculae
