Bone - Mace Exam 2

Question 1

What are the components of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Cartilages, Bone, Ligaments, Tendons

Question 2

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

Question 3

What are the types of bone tissue?

Answer 3

Compact bone tissue

Spongy bone tissue

Question 4

What type of connective tissue are ligaments and tendons made of?

Answer 4

Dense regular CT

Question 5

Cartilage is made of a semisolid matrix. What is the matrix composed of?

Answer 5

Ground substance, collagen, elastic fibers, NO calcium salt

Question 6

Function of chondroblasts?

Answer 6

Produce matrix and surround themselves until they become trapped in lacunae

Question 7

A chondroblast that has surrounded itself in matrix is called what?

Answer 7

Chondrocyte

Question 8

What is the perichondrium composed of?

Where is it found?

Answer 8

Sheath of dense irregular CT that surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage

Question 9

Why is cartilage slow to heal?

Answer 9

It becomes avascular in its mature state.

Question 10

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 10

Tip of nose
Trachea and bronchioles
Most of the larynx
Costal cartilage
Articular cartilage
Epiphysial plate
fetal skeleton

Question 11

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage

Question 12

Describe the microscopic appearance of hyaline cartilage.

Answer 12

Glassy appearing matrix with invisible fine collagen fibers

Question 13

Describe the microscopic appearance of elastic cartilage.

Answer 13

Conspicuous web-like mesh of elastic fibers

Question 14

Is elastic cartilage associated with bones?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Describe the microscopic appearance of fibrocartilage.

Answer 15

Large, coarse parallel bundles of collagen fibers

Question 16

What are some locations of fibrocartilage?

Answer 16

Pubis symphysis, menisci, intervertebral discs

Question 17

What is hemopoiesis?

Answer 17

Process of blood cell production.

Question 18

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

Answer 18

Inside red bone marrow

Question 19

Bones are used as storage for what substances?

Answer 19

Calcium, phosphate, lipids (in yellow bone marrow in shafts of some adult bones)

Question 20

What is the growth plate made of?

Answer 20

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage

Question 21

The periosteum is a tough sheath on the outer surface of bone. What type of CT is it made of?

Answer 21

Dense irregular CT

Question 22

What is endosteum?

Answer 22

Layer of cells covering all internal surfaces of bone.

Question 23

What types of cells are within the endosteum?

Answer 23

Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.

Question 24

Where is red marrow located?

Answer 24

Portions of the axial skeleton (skull, ribs, pelvis) and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur

Question 25

Bone makes up what percent of adult body weight?

Answer 25

12-15%

Question 26

What are the 4 types of cells in bone?

Answer 26

Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts

Question 27

Function of osteoprogenitor cells?

Answer 27

Produce cells that mature to become osteoblasts

Question 28

Location of osteoprogenitor cells?

Answer 28

Periosteum and endosteum

Question 29

Function of osteoblasts?

Answer 29

Synthesize and secrete osteoid

Question 30

What is osteoid?

Answer 30

Initial semisolid form of bone matrix

Question 31

What is an osteocytes?

Answer 31

Mature bone derived from osteoblasts

Question 32

T/F. Osteocytes form bone matrix

Answer 32

False, osteocytes have lost matrix forming ability

Question 33

Function of osteoclasts?

Answer 33

Involved in breakdown of bone

Question 34

What are the components of bone matrix?

Answer 34

Osteoid Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystals) Calcium carbonate, sodium, magnesium ions Protein

Question 35

Effect of decreased protein on bones?

Answer 35

Causes brittle bones

Question 36

Effect of decreased calcium on bones?

Answer 36

Causes soft bones that can bow

Question 37

What is the basic functional and structural unit of bone?

Answer 37

The osteon

Question 38

What structures lie in the central canal?

Answer 38

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 39

Which canals runs parallel to the bone diaphysis, central canals or perforating canals?

Answer 39

Central canal

Question 40

What are concentric lamellae?

Answer 40

Rings of matrix surrounding the central canal

Question 41

What are external circumferential lamellae?

Answer 41

Rings of matrix that run immediately internal to bone periosteum

Question 42

What are internal circumferential lamellae?

Answer 42

Run internal to the endosteum

Question 43

What are interstitial lamellae?

Answer 43

Rings of matrix between osteons

Question 44

What are canaliculi?

Answer 44

Tiny interconnecting channels within bone connective tissue

Question 45

Does spongey bone contain osteons?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

What is the structure of spongy bone?

Answer 46

Lattice of rods and plates called trabeculae