Overview of antimicrobial pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

A

Penicicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
Penicillins: PO, IV, or both?
Penicillin V
Penicillin G
Dicloxacillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
amox/clav
Pip/tazo
A
Penicillin V - PO
Penicillin G - both
Dicloxacillin - PO
Amoxicillin - PO
Ampicillin - both
amox/clav - PO
Pip/tazo - IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are two 1st generation cephalosporins?

PO or IV?

A

Cephalexin - PO

Cefazolin - IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a 2nd generation cephalosporin?

PO or IV?

A

Cefuroxime - IV only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a 3rd generation cephalosporin? PO or IV or IM?

A

Ceftriaxone - IV and IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is vancomycin PO or IV?

A

IV for systemic infections

PO for local GI infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the macrolides? PO or IV?

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

PO and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the tetracyclines?

PO or IV?

A

Doxycycline, tetracycline

PO and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is clindamycin PO or IV or both?

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the aminoglycosides? PO or IV?

A

Tobramycin, gentamycin. IV for systemic infections

PO for local GI infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for macrolides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides.

A

Protein synthesis inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the inhibitors of DNA function?

A

Fluoroquinalones, Nitrofurantoin, Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the fluoroquinolones? PO or IV or both?

A

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

PO and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nitrofurantoin. PO or IV?

A

PO only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metronidazole. PO or IV

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the inhibitors of intermediary metabolism?

PO or IV or Both?

A

Sulfonamides
TMP-SMX - both
TMP - PO

17
Q

Do cell wall inhibitors work on atypical bugs? Why?

A

No, atypical bacteria do not have cell walls, so cell wall inhibitors don’t do anything to them

18
Q

What antibiotics are eliminated by non renal mechanisms?

A
D CRIMES
Doxycycline
Clindamycin
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Erythromycin-like (macrolides)
Sulfonamides (TMP-SMX)
19
Q

Antibiotics eliminated by non-renal mechanisms have what complications?

A

Potential for drug drug interactions
Genetic polymorphisms in metabolizing enzymes
Potential for hepatotoxicity

20
Q

What antibiotic mechanisms are bactericidal?

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Disruption of cell membrane function
Interference with DNA function or sythesis

21
Q

What antibiotic mechanisms are bacteriostatic?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis (except for aminoglycosides, they’re bactericidal)
Inhibition of intermediary metabolic pathways

22
Q

What are the gram + cocci?

A

Streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci

23
Q

What are the gram - cocci?

A

Neisseria (meningitidis, gonorrhoeae) and M. catarrhalis

24
Q

What are the gram - rods?

A

E. coli, pseudomonas, H. influenzae

25
What is a gram + rod?
Listeria
26
What anaerobes are of most concern?
Gram + rods = C. diff, H. pylori | Gram - rods = Bacteroides fragilis
27
What are the atypical bacteria?
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia
28
What does it mean to be narrow spectrum?
Effective against either gram + OR gram -
29
What does it mean to be extended spectrum?
Effective against gram + AND gram -
30
What does it mean to be broad spectrum?
Effective against gram + AND gram - AND atypical
31
``` Some drugs selectively accumulate. Where do the following accumulate and is it good or bad? Clindamycin Macrolides Tetracyclines Nitrofurantoin Aminoglycosides ```
Clindamycin - Bone, good for osteomyelitis Macrolides - lungs, good for URIs/pneumonia Tetracyclines- gingiva and sebum (good for periodontitis and acne). Also Ca++ in a bad way that is bad for bone development and teeth in children Nitrofurantoin - Urine, good for UTIs Aminoglycosides- Inner ear and renal brush border, bad(causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity)