Pathology: XI to XIV Flashcards
Entrapment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Repetitive Stress Injury
- Fibrotic Build Up
- Edema
- Subluxation of Carpals
When an IVD’s nucleus pulposus slips from its normal position and extends beyond its normal border into the outer annulus fibrosis
Herniated Disc
The gel center of an IVD
Nucleus Pulposus
The collagenous, outside ring of an IVD
Annular Fibrosis
Contributing Factors of a Herniated Disc
- Postural Misalignment
- Hyper/Hypomobile Facet Joints
- DJD
- Muscle Imbalance
- Poor Body Mechanics
An autoimmune disease which involves degeneration of acetylcholine receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction
Myashenia Gravis
Neurovascular Entrapment at the Thoracic Outlet
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Pathway of Brachial Plexus
C5 to T! - Anterior and Middle Scalene - Clavicle and 1st Rib - Pectoralis Minor - Around Humeral Head
A Shortage of RBCs, Hemoglobin, or Both
Anemia
A Traveling Blood Clot
Embolism
A Stationary Blood Clot
Thombus
A Clot Lodged w/in blood vessels of lungs
Pulmonary Embolism
Genetic disorder in which certain blood clotting factors are absent or inactive, resulting in longer bleeding (not faster bleeding)
Hemophilia
Extensive bleeding between muscle sheaths that causes deep and superficial bruising
Hematoma
Cancer of WBCs produced in bone marrow
Leukemia
Most common locations of a herniated disc
- L4 and L5
- L5 and S1
Pins and Needles Sensation
Paresthesia
High-Risk Factors for DVTs
- Inactivity
- Surgery
- Leg Trauma
Presence of clots and inflammation in superficial leg veins
Thrombophlebitis
Presence of clots and inflammation in deep leg veins
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Common Locations of DVTs
- Calves
- Pelvis
- Thighs
Risk factors of DVTs
- Trauma to the Area
- Chemo
- Pain
- Surgery
- Reduced Circulation
- High Estrogen (birth control)
Permanent bulge in wall of a blood vessel or the heart
Aneurgyms
Rupture of Aneurysm
Hemorrhage
Condition in which arteries become inelastic (hardening of the arteries)
Atherosclerosis
DP consistency above 140/90
Hypertension
Episodes of exaggerated vasoconstriction of the arterioles
Raynaud’s Syndrome
Distended, twisted, and/or ropy superficial veins, caused by damage to the internal valves
Varicose Veins
Dilated thread veins, which are safe for massage therapy
Spider Veins
Damage in myocardium d/t ischemia (blockage in a coronary artery)
Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)
Chest Pain during Physical Activity
Angina
When the heart cannot pump blood to the body efficiently
Congestive Heart Failure
Medication that reduces sympathetic nervous system effects on vascular smooth muscle, decrease blood volume by increasing urination
Diuretics
Medication that reduces vaoconstriction
ACE Inhibitors
Medication that inhibits action of SNS on vascular smooth muscle
Beta-Blockers
Medication that reduces tone in venous and arterial smooth muscle and reduce cardiac output
Calcium Channel Blockers
Medication that decreases peripheral resistance through relaxation smooth muscle in arterioles
Vasodilators
Referred Pain Pattern for a Myocardial Infarction
- Left Shoulder
- Left Arm
- Left Side of Chest
- Left Side of Jaw
Blood pooling between muscle sheaths or in soft tissues; a deep bruise
Hematoma
