Clinical Anatomy 2: Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Flashcards
Location of the Heart
Mediastinum (cavity b/t the lungs)
Location of the Heart Base
2nd Left Rib
Location of the Heart Apex
Left 5th Intercostal Space
Superficial Membrane of the Heart
Pericardium
Composition of the Pericardium
- Parietal Pericardium (outer)
- Visceral/Epicardium (inner)
- Pericardial Cavity (b/t Parietal and Visceral)
Fluid in the Body that Reduces Friction
Serous
The 3 Walls of the Heart
- Epicardium (outer; serous)
- Myocardium (middle; muscle)
- Endocardium (inner: epithelial and CT)
Vessels through which the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
Pulmonary Trunk and Arteries
Vessels through which the left atrium receives blood from the lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Vessel through which the left ventricle pumps blood to the body
Aorta
Valve located b/t right atrium and right ventricle
Right AV / Tricuspid
Valve located b/t pulmonary trunk and right ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Valve located b/t the left atrium and left venticle
Left AV / Bicuspid / Mitral
Valve located b/t the left ventricle and aortic trunk
Aortic Value
Vessels branching from the aorta that supply the heart with oxygenated blood
Coronary Arteries
Where coronary veins return blood to
Right Atrium
The 3 Layers of Arteries
- Tunica Intima / Endothelium (inner; simple squamous
- Tunica Media (middle, smooth muscle, elastic CT)
- Tunica Adventitia (outer; CT)
Large arteries have an abundance of _____ fibers in the tunica media and adventitia
Elastic
Tissues of capillaries
Simple Squamous
Where substances are exchanged b/t tissues and blood
Capillary Beds
Blood vessels with valves
Veins
The largest artery in the body and forms an arch over the heart
Aorta
Branch of the ascending aorta that gives rise to the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic / Innominate Artery
Branch of the ascending aorta that supplies the left side of the head and neck
Left Common Carotid Artery
Branch of the ascending aorta that supplies the left arm
Left Subclavian Artery
The 3 Branches of the Ascending / Aortic Arch
- Brachiocephalic / Innominate Artery
- Left Common Carotid Artery
- Left Subclavian Artery
The Descending Aorta in the Thorax
Thoracic Aorta
The Descending Aorta Inf. the Diaphragm that Supplies the Abdominal Wall and Abdominal Organs
Abdominal Aorta
Where the Abdominal Aorta Divides into the Right and Left Common Iliac Arteries
Pelvic Brim
Where the Aorta Begins
Left Ventricle
State of Blood Vessels when their Smooth Muscle is Relaxed
Dilated
Tissue of capillaries that allows gases and nutrients to pass through easily
Simple Squamous
Arteries of the Neck, Head, and Brain
- Brachiocephalic
- Common Carotid
- Branches of Subclavian Arteries
Branches of Subclavian Arteries
- Vertebral
- Thyrocervical
- Costocervical
- Internal Thoracic/Mammary
Division of Common Carotid Artery at Upper Larynx
- Internal (brain, eyes)
- External (face, jaw)
Where the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery
Between the clavicle and first rib (pec minor)
When the axillary artery enters the brachium is called the ____
Brachial Artery
Major Branches of the Brachial Artery
- Deep Brachial (triceps)
- Radial (lateral forearm)
- Ulnar (medial and central forearm)
Where the radial and ulnar arteries join
Palmar Arches
Where the abdominal aorta divides into the common iliac arteries
Pelvic Brim (umbilicus)
Iliac artery that supplies most of the blood to the lower limbs
External Iliac
Iliac artery that supplies blood to the pelvic organs, pelvic muscles, and gluteal muscles
Internal Iliac
The femoral artery supplies muscles and superficial tissues of the ____
Thigh
What the popliteal artery supplies
knee joint and adjacent muscles
What the popliteal artery divides into at the distal popliteal fossa
Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries
What’s exchanged at the capillary beds
- gases
- nutrients
- wastes
Veins that drain the face, scalp, and superficial neck
Right and Left External Jugular Veins
Veins that drain the brain and deep structures of the face and neck
Right and Left Internal Jugular Veins
The right and left external jugular veins drain into the _____
Subclavian Vein
The subclavian and the right and left internal jugular veins drain into the ______
Brachiocephalic Vein
The brachiocephalic veins merge in the mediastinum to form the ______
Superior Vena Cavae
Major Superficial Veins of the Arm
- Basilic
- Cephalic
- Median Cubital
Vein that travel on the median side of the forearm and arm and drains into the brachial vein
Bascilic
Vein that travels on the lateral side of the forearm and arm and eventually drains into the axillary vein
Cephalic
Vein that connects the basilic and cephalic veins at the anterior elbow crease (vein commonly used for venipuncture)
Median Cubital
Veins in which the superficial veins of lower limb drain into
Saphenous Veins
Veins that drain the pelvic orans and some of the abdominal organs
Right and Left Internal Iliac Veins
The common iliac veins merge to form the ____
Inferior Vena Cava
Drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the thorax, right halves of face and neck
Right Lymphatic Duct
What moves Lymph
- Contraction of Skeletal Muscle
- Peristalsis within larger lymphatic vessel
- Respiratory Pressure Changes
A lymph node is bean-shaped and covered by a CT sheath that extends internally to divide it into compartments that contain dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages called ______
Nodules
A network of channels called _______ allow the lymph to pass through a node.
Sinuses
Lymph nodes may be in groups associated with mucous membranes of the _______ and ________ tracts.
Respiratory (Peyer’s Path)
Digestive (Tonsils)
Contains special lymphocytes that originate from bone marrow and eventually mature into T lymphocytes
Thymus
The 2 distinct types of spleen tissue
White Pulp (removes foreign particles)
Red Pulp (removes damaged RBCs)
