Clinical Anatomy 1: LP 1 & 2 Flashcards
The 4 Types of Tissue
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Junctions that join together specific types of cells
Intercellular Junctions
Attachment area of intercellular junctions
Membrane
3 Types of Intercellular Junctions
- Tight
- Desmosomes (bind sheet-like cells)
- Gap (allow molecular movement)
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
- Protection
- Secretion (movement of materials)
- Absorption
- Excretion (removal of wastes)
3 Types of Epithelial Tissue Layers
- Simple
- Stratified
- Pseudostratified
3 Types of Epithelial Tissue Shapes
- Squamous
- Columnar
- Cuboidal
Epithelium
- substances pass through easily
- air sacs of the lungs (alveoli)
- capillaries
- membranes that line the body
Simple Squamous
Epithelium
- cover ovaries
- line kidney tubules
- line ducts of glands
- secrete and absorb
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium
- line reproductive ovaries
Ciliated Simple Columnar
Epithelium
- line digestive tract
Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar
Small finger-like extensions that increase surface area
Microvilli
Epithelium
- line passageway of respiratory system
- secrete mucous to trap dust
- often have cilia and goblet cells
Pseudostratified Columnar
Epithelium
- Epidermis (older cells accumulate keratin, harden, and die
- Cells replicate at a basement membrane
- Lines the oral cavity
- Lines the anal cavity
Stratified Squamous
Epithelium
- Lines larger ducts and tubules (mammary, sweat, salivary glands)
Stratified Cuboidal
Epithelium
- Lines the pharynx
- Lines the vas deferens
- Protects and secretes
Stratified Columnar
Epithelium
- Changes shape in response to tension
- Lines the urinary bladder, ureters
Transitional Epithelium
Epithelium
- Exocrine (secretes products into ducts
- Endocrine (secretes products into tissue or blood
Glandular Epithelium
General Characteristics of CT
- Binds Structures
- Provides Support
- Protects
- Fills Space
- Stores Fat
- Produces Bloods Cells
- Repairs Damaged Tissue
- More Loosely Packed than Epithelial Cells
- Cells Can Divide Typically
- Has Various Vascularity
- Major Cell Types
Connective Fibers
- Thick Threads of Protein
- Flexible
- Slightly Elastic
- Great Strength
- Hold Structures Together
Collagen Fibers
Connective Fibers
- Thinner Strand of Elastic Protein
- Very Elastic
- Weaker than Collagen
Elastin
Connective Fibers
- Very Thin Collagen Fibers
- Supporting Network of Tissues
Reticular Fibers
- Begin as White Blood Cells
- Can Move About
- Specialized in Phagocytosis
- Important in Protection Against Infection
Macrophage
- Large Cells Located Near Blood Vessels
- Release Heparin (prevents blood clotting)
- Release Histamine (promotes inflammation)
- Stationary
Mast Cells
Types of Connective Tissue
- Loose Connective Tissue
- Adipose Tissue
- Reticular Tissue
- Dense Connective Tissue
- Elastic Connective Tissue
- Cartilage
- Bones
- Blood
- Areolar
3 Types of Cartilage
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
Connective Tissue
- Composed primarily of fibroblasts
- Low amount of collagenous fibers
Loose Connective TIssue
Connective Tissue
- Fat
- Specialized Cells that Store Fat
- Continue to Enlarge to Store Fat
Adipose Tissue
Connective Tissue
- Think Collagen Fibers
- Support Organs (liver, spleen)
Reticular Tissue
Connective Tissue
- Holds Parts Together
- Tendons, Ligaments
- Lots of Collagenous Fibers
Dense Connective Fibers
Connective Tissue
- Elastic Fibers
- Found in Large Arteries and Ligaments of the Spinal Column
Elastic Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
- Rigid
- Composed Primarily of Collagen Fibers
- Cells Live in Lacunae
- Lacks Direct Blood Supply
- Covered by Perichondrium
Cartilage
Cartilage
- Most abundant
- Hard white plastic
- Covers ends of bones
- Very Smooth
Hyaline
Cartilage
- Flexible
- Contains many elastic fibers
- External ears
Elastic
Cartilage
- Toughest
- Shock absorber
- Intervertebral disks, menisci, labrum of hip/shoulder
Fibrocartilage
Connective Tissue
- Most rigid
- Contains calcium and phosphate salts
- Contains blood vessels
Bone
Connective Tissue
- Thin membrane
- Holds skin to deeper structures
Areolar
Connective Tissue
- Produced by cells inside the bone
- Contains RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
Blood
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
Muscle Tissue
- Voluntary control
- Striated
- Many nuclei
- Very large
Skeletal
Muscle Tissue
- Involuntary control
- Un-striated
- single nucleus
Smooth
Muscle Tissue
- Involuntary control
- Striated
- Connected by intercalated disks
- located only in the heart
Cardiac
Tissue specialized for electrical conduction; composed of neurons
Nervous
4 Types of Epithelial Membranes
- Serous
- Mucous
- Synovial
- Cutaneous
Epithelial Membrane
- Lines the wall of body cavities not exposed to the external environment
- Composed of simple squamous cells and a thin layer of loose connective tissue
- Secretes a thin watery substance that lubricates the surfaces of the membrane
Serous
Epithelial Membrane
- Lines cavities that open to the external environment
- Epithelial tissue covers loose connective tissue
Mucous
Epithelial Membrane
- Lubricates ends of bone
- Fibrous connective tissue overlying loose connective tissue and adipose
Synovial
Epithelial Membrane
- Skin and it’s tissues
- Maintains homeostasis
- Prevents water loss
- Regulates body temperature
- Synthesizes various chemicals
Cutaneous
