Kinesiology I: I - IV Flashcards
Motions Along the Sagittal Plane
- Flexion
- Extension
Motions Along the Coronal/Frontal Plane
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Lateral Flexion
Motions Along the Transverse/Horizontal Plane
- Rotation
- Horizontal Abduction
- Horizontal Adduction
Force Generated within the Body
Internal (e.g., muscle contraction)
Force Generated outside the Body
External (e.g., gravitational effect, another person)
Two Types of Isotonic Contractions
- Concentric
- Eccentric
Type of Contraction
- Shortening of the Muscle
- Causes Acceleration
- Positive Rep
- Moving Toward the Center
- Internal Overpowers External
Concentric
Type of Contraction
- Lengthening
- Causes Deceleration
- Negative Rep
- External Overpowers Internal
Eccentric
Type of Contraction
- Stabilize Joints to Allow Other Areas to Move Freely
- Internal and External Force are Equal
Isometric
What is Needed for Distal Mobility?
Proximal Stability
What Happens when Stabilizers Become Inhibited?
Agonists Take Over Stabilization; Compensatory Patterns that Lead to Wear and Tear
The primary muscles that produce an action when contracting
Agonist (primary mover)
The muscle usually on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist that produces the opposing action to the agonist
Antagonist (contralateral muscles)
Muscles that assist in performing the same set of joint motion as the agonists
Neutralize extra motion from the agonists to make sure that the force generated works within the desired plane of motion
Synergist
Proprioceptors located in the the muscle belly that detect if the muscle is lengthening too fast or too far.
They create a reflexive contraction of the agonist muscle to prevent further lengthening.
Muscle Spindles
Proprioceptors located in the muscle/tendon junction that detect excessive stress in the tendon of a muscle.
They stop the muscle to prevent rupture of the tendon from the bone.
Golgi Tendon Organs
Law
Nerves that innervate a joint also innervates the muscles, skin, cutaneous structures of the surrounding area
The same nerve innervates superficial and deeper structures
Stimulation of skin stimulates muscles
Dysfunction of organs affects muscles
Hilton’s
Law
An antagonist will be passive (inhibited) when the agonist is in any type of contraction
Overactive agonists can be turned off by contracting the antagonist
Sherrington’s (reciprocal inhibition
On 25% of resisted ____ is needed to help release the brachialis sucle
Elbow Extension
Law
Soft tissue (e.g., muscles) will remodel in relation to stress placed upon it
Davis’s
Law
When a nerve impulse passes through a certain nerve pathway, it will tend to choose the same pathway again.
Each time an action is performed it is more difficult to change
Law of Facilitation
Law
Bone will remodel in relation to stress placed upon it
Increased Stress = Increased Density
Wolff’s
Muscles that cross 2 or more joints
Multi-Articular
Multi-articular muscles ____ when attempting to perform their action at more than one of the joints they cross at a time
Weakened
______ muscles cells (sarcomere) form fewer cross-brides and can’t generate as much pulling force.
Shortened
The decreased tension of a multiarticular muscle when it is shortened across one or more of its joints
Active insufficiency
Occurs when a multi-articular muscle is lengthened at both ends, making it unable to reach full ROM because of a limit in the muscle length
Passive Insufficiency
A muscle imbalance caused by the weakening and lengthening of the posterior upper back and neck muscles, combined with the tightening and shortening of the opposing anterior pectoral (chest) and neck muscles.
Upper Crossed Syndrome
A muscle imbalance caused by tightness and weakness of the core and pelvis
Lower Crossed Syndrome
Cause of Forward Head Carriage
Lengthened and Inhibited Longus Coli
Cause of Winged Inferior Angles of the Scapulae
Lengthened and Inhibited
- Serratus Anterior
Shortened and Overactive
- Pectoralis Minor
Cause of Internally Rotated GH Joints and Protracted Scapulae
Lengthened and Inhibited
- Rhomboids
- Middle Trapezius
- Lower Trapezius
Shortened and Overactive
- Pectoralis Major
Genu Varus =
Bow Legged
Genu Valgus =
Knock Kneeded
Cause of Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Lengthened and Inhibited
- Erector Spinae
- Hip Flexors
Shortened and Overactive
- Abdominals
- Hamstrings
Cause of Anterior Pelvic TIlt
Lengthened and Inhibited
- Rectus Abdominis
- Hamstrings
Shortened and Overactive
- Erector Spinae
- Hip Flexors
Most Common Joint in the Human Body
Diarthrotic Synovial
Abdominal muscles would be ______ in a client with anterior pelvic tilt
Lengthened and Inhibited
