Kinesiology I: I - IV

Question 1

Motions Along the Sagittal Plane

Answer 1

• Flexion
• Extension

Question 2

Motions Along the Coronal/Frontal Plane

Answer 2

• Abduction
• Adduction
• Lateral Flexion

Question 3

Motions Along the Transverse/Horizontal Plane

Answer 3

• Rotation
• Horizontal Abduction
• Horizontal Adduction

Question 4

Force Generated within the Body

Answer 4

Internal (e.g., muscle contraction)

Question 5

Force Generated outside the Body

Answer 5

External (e.g., gravitational effect, another person)

Question 6

Two Types of Isotonic Contractions

Answer 6

• Concentric
• Eccentric

Question 7

Type of Contraction

• Shortening of the Muscle
• Causes Acceleration
• Positive Rep
• Moving Toward the Center
• Internal Overpowers External

Answer 7

Concentric

Question 8

Type of Contraction

• Lengthening
• Causes Deceleration
• Negative Rep
• External Overpowers Internal

Answer 8

Eccentric

Question 9

Type of Contraction

• Stabilize Joints to Allow Other Areas to Move Freely
• Internal and External Force are Equal

Answer 9

Isometric

Question 10

What is Needed for Distal Mobility?

Answer 10

Proximal Stability

Question 11

What Happens when Stabilizers Become Inhibited?

Answer 11

Agonists Take Over Stabilization; Compensatory Patterns that Lead to Wear and Tear

Question 12

The primary muscles that produce an action when contracting

Answer 12

Agonist (primary mover)

Question 13

The muscle usually on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist that produces the opposing action to the agonist

Answer 13

Antagonist (contralateral muscles)

Question 14

Muscles that assist in performing the same set of joint motion as the agonists

Neutralize extra motion from the agonists to make sure that the force generated works within the desired plane of motion

Answer 14

Synergist

Question 15

Proprioceptors located in the the muscle belly that detect if the muscle is lengthening too fast or too far.

They create a reflexive contraction of the agonist muscle to prevent further lengthening.

Answer 15

Muscle Spindles

Question 16

Proprioceptors located in the muscle/tendon junction that detect excessive stress in the tendon of a muscle.

They stop the muscle to prevent rupture of the tendon from the bone.

Answer 16

Golgi Tendon Organs

Question 17

Law

Nerves that innervate a joint also innervates the muscles, skin, cutaneous structures of the surrounding area

The same nerve innervates superficial and deeper structures

Stimulation of skin stimulates muscles

Dysfunction of organs affects muscles

Answer 17

Hilton’s

Question 18

Law

An antagonist will be passive (inhibited) when the agonist is in any type of contraction

Overactive agonists can be turned off by contracting the antagonist

Answer 18

Sherrington’s (reciprocal inhibition

Question 19

On 25% of resisted ____ is needed to help release the brachialis sucle

Answer 19

Elbow Extension

Question 20

Law

Soft tissue (e.g., muscles) will remodel in relation to stress placed upon it

Answer 20

Davis’s

Question 21

Law

When a nerve impulse passes through a certain nerve pathway, it will tend to choose the same pathway again.

Each time an action is performed it is more difficult to change

Answer 21

Law of Facilitation

Question 22

Law

Bone will remodel in relation to stress placed upon it

Increased Stress = Increased Density

Answer 22

Wolff’s

Question 23

Muscles that cross 2 or more joints

Answer 23

Multi-Articular

Question 24

Multi-articular muscles ____ when attempting to perform their action at more than one of the joints they cross at a time

Answer 24

Weakened

Question 25

______ muscles cells (sarcomere) form fewer cross-brides and can’t generate as much pulling force.

Answer 25

Shortened

Question 26

The decreased tension of a multiarticular muscle when it is shortened across one or more of its joints

Answer 26

Active insufficiency

Question 27

Occurs when a multi-articular muscle is lengthened at both ends, making it unable to reach full ROM because of a limit in the muscle length

Answer 27

Passive Insufficiency

Question 28

A muscle imbalance caused by the weakening and lengthening of the posterior upper back and neck muscles, combined with the tightening and shortening of the opposing anterior pectoral (chest) and neck muscles.

Answer 28

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Question 29

A muscle imbalance caused by tightness and weakness of the core and pelvis

Answer 29

Lower Crossed Syndrome

Question 30

Cause of Forward Head Carriage

Answer 30

Lengthened and Inhibited Longus Coli

Question 31

Cause of Winged Inferior Angles of the Scapulae

Answer 31

Lengthened and Inhibited
- Serratus Anterior

Shortened and Overactive
- Pectoralis Minor

Question 32

Cause of Internally Rotated GH Joints and Protracted Scapulae

Answer 32

Lengthened and Inhibited
- Rhomboids
- Middle Trapezius
- Lower Trapezius

Shortened and Overactive
- Pectoralis Major

Question 33

Genu Varus =

Answer 33

Bow Legged

Question 34

Genu Valgus =

Answer 34

Knock Kneeded

Question 35

Cause of Posterior Pelvic Tilt

Answer 35

Lengthened and Inhibited
- Erector Spinae
- Hip Flexors

Shortened and Overactive
- Abdominals
- Hamstrings

Question 36

Cause of Anterior Pelvic TIlt

Answer 36

Lengthened and Inhibited
- Rectus Abdominis
- Hamstrings

Shortened and Overactive
- Erector Spinae
- Hip Flexors

Question 37

Most Common Joint in the Human Body

Answer 37

Diarthrotic Synovial

Question 38

Abdominal muscles would be ______ in a client with anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 38

Lengthened and Inhibited