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CMT > CMT II: DDD > Flashcards

CMT II: DDD Flashcards

1
Q

Degenerative disc disease is a degeneration of the ______

A

annular fibers of the intervertebral discs.

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2
Q

Basis of DDD Treatment

A

Herniated Disc or Other Space Occupying Lesion (SOL) Except for a Tumor

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3
Q

Treatment of DDD

A

Multiple manual tractions interspersed within the general protocol

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4
Q

The hard part of a disc; composed of fibrocartilage arranged in rings; contains a hollow chamber in the center of the disc that houses the nucleus pulposus

A

Annulus Fibrosis

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5
Q

The viscous fluid in the center chamber within the annulus fibrosis; 88% water at birth, 65% by age 65

A

Nucleus Pulposus

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6
Q

Joints that allow for movement between individual spinal segments

A

Facet Joints

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7
Q

A bulging of a disc w/o structural damage to the annulus fibrosis - not classified as a herniation

A

Protrusion

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8
Q

A bulging of a disc w/ structural damage to the annulus fibrosis

A

Herniation

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9
Q

The 3 Sub-Categories of Herniation

A
  • Prolapse
  • Extrusion
  • Sequestration
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10
Q

When nucleus pulposus seeps into layers of annulus fibrosis, but does NOT escape from the disc.

A

Prolapse

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11
Q

When nucleus pulposus seeps out of the disc at a weak point, but disc material is not fragmented.

A

Extrusion

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12
Q

When disc material is compromised and both disc material and nucleus pulposus escape into the surrounding area

A

Sequestration

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13
Q

Common layperson’s term used a describe a herniated sic

A

Slipped Disc

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14
Q

Arthritic changes to the spine, especially the facet joints

A

Spondylosis

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15
Q

Fixation of a joint by bony material

A

Ankylosis

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16
Q

Non-specific medical term used to classify low back pain

A

Lumbago

17
Q

Compression or inflammation of the sciatic nerve at the spine

A

True Sciatica

18
Q

Impingement of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle

A

False Sciatica

19
Q

Compression of sacral nerve root can result in bladder and/or bowel dysfunction and numbness across low back, gluteals, inner thighs, and around hips

Do Not Treat; Refer Out

A

Saddle Anesthesia

20
Q

True Neurological Symptoms

A
  • Motor weakness specific to level of lesion and dermatomal sensory change such as numbness
  • More common with extrusions and sequestrations (when nucleus leaks out of annular fibers and impinges on the nerves)
  • Nerve pain will be present
  • Irritation of dura or nerve root will not be relieved by movements
21
Q

Cause of DDD

A

Continuous compressive and shearing forces placed upon the discs

22
Q

Contributing Factors of DDD

A
  • Trauma
  • Muscle Imbalances
  • Hyper/Hypomobile Spine
  • Postural Deviations
  • Bending/Twisting/Lifting as Part of Job
23
Q

3 Stages of Degeneration

A
  • Dysfunction
  • Instability
  • Stabilization
24
Q

(T/F)

Pain is always present during the stages of degeneration

A

False

25
Q

Onset of Cervical DDD

A

Gradual

26
Q

Areas of spine where most disc issues occur

A

Cervical and Lumbar

27
Q

Early Cervical Disc Degeneration Signs

A
  • Stiffness
  • Pain-Free Crepitus
  • Pain Often Radiating into the Shoulder of the Affected Side
28
Q

Later Stage Cervical Disc Degeneration Signs

A
  • Nerve Pain into the Involved Side Upper Extremity
  • Loss of Neck and Arm Strength
  • Loss of Reflexes
  • Occipital Regional Headaches
29
Q

Areas where 98% of all low back disk injures occur

A
  • L4 to L5
  • L5 to S1
30
Q

Sex that is more prone to lumbar herniations (3:2 ratio)

A

Men

31
Q

Most common ages when acute herniations occur

A

30 to 45 y/o

32
Q

Cause of Nerve Pain

A

Pressure on nerve roots or spinal cord

33
Q

Cervical DDD Special Tests

A
  • Spurling’s
  • Cervical Compression Test
  • Cervical Distraction Test
34
Q

Lumbar DDD Special Tests

A
  • Straight Leg Raise w/ Various Variations
  • Valsalva
  • Kemp’s
  • Kernig’s
35
Q

Contraindications of DDD Treatment

A
  • Saddle Anesthesia
  • No Position that Alleviates Symptoms
  • Positioning that Increases Symptoms
  • Mobilization of Hypermobile Joints
  • Pressure and Direction that Increase Symptoms
  • Deep and Longitudinal Friction Strokes
36
Q

Hydrotherapy for DDD

A

Ice if pain and spasms are present

37
Q

When not to remove spasms as the spams are part of the body’s protective mechanism

A

Acute Stage

38
Q

DDD Treatment Direction

A
  • Peripheral
  • Central
  • Peripheral

CMT (40 decks)

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