Past Paper -2021

Question 1

Which joints do the following muscles act on ?
1. Iliposas
2. Latissimus Dorsi
(2marks)

Answer 1

1. Hip
2. Shoulder

Question 2

State one enzyme that is active in the following energy systems
1. ATP-PC system
2. Aerobic system
(2marks)

Answer 2

1. Creatine kinase
2. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) / ATPase

Question 3

Describe the terms ‘active’ and ‘passive’ when using SALTAPS
(2 marks)

Answer 3

Active - the performer moves injured body

Passive - the first-aid member / another person moves injured body

Question 4

Outline what is meant by the term ‘exercise induced muscle damage’. Describe a sporting situation which may cause this.
(2marks)

Answer 4

definition: microscopic tear in the muscle / delayed onset of muscle soreness

Sporting situation: eccentric muscle contraction

Question 5

Give a practical example for each of the planes of movement
1. Sagittal
2. Transverse
(2marks)

Answer 5

1. Somersault / tumble turn (swimming)
2. Spin / pivot / arm action to thro discuss

Question 6

Describe 4 mechanisms of venous return that maintain the back flow of blood to the heart.
(4marks)

Answer 6

1. Pocket valves - prevent back flow of blood to heart
2. Skeletal pump - muscles contract and squeeze veins
3. Gravity - helps blood above the heart return to heart
4. Respiratory pump - pressure differences between thoracic and abdominal cavity during breathing

Question 7

Describe intermittent hypoxic training. Identify one benefit and one risk associated with its use
(4marks)

Answer 7

Description: interval training under conditions of low oxygen

Benefit: increased oxygen carrying capacity / increased aerobic capacity / increased number of mitochondria

Risk: lung infection / decreased immune system / dehydration

Question 8

Explain why minute ventilation of a trained individual is lower at rest than the untrained individual
(3marks)

Answer 8

• More efficient gaseous exchange at alveoli / saturation of haemoglobin
• More efficient transport of oxygen
• More efficient use of oxygen at muscles

Question 9

TV changes during exercise and recovery. Describe the role of proprioceptors in the control of these changes
1. During exercise
2. During recovery
(3marks)

Answer 9

During exercise:
- detect motor activity / movement in the joints
- send messages to the RCC
- increased stimulation of diaphragm / respiratory muscles

During recovery:
- detect movement has stopped / educed
- reduced stimulation so the diaphragm / external intercostals / respiratory muscles