PAPER 3 - Emergence and evolution of modern sport

Question 1

PRE INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

Answer 1

UC = complex rules, had time + money - real tennis,

LC = simple, few rules, violent - mob football

Both - Cricket

Question 2

Where did PEDESTRIANISM stem from ?

Answer 2

LC footmen ensuring carriages didn’t overturn on rough track

Question 3

What is PEDESTRIANISM ?

Answer 3

19th-century competitive walking

Question 4

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

Answer 4

• lower participation
• ‘weaker sex’
• less time - looking after family

Question 5

Which sport event did UC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

Answer 5

archery

Question 6

Which sport event did LC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

Answer 6

smock racing

Question 7

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

e.g.

Answer 7

• limited + localised rules
• nothing was illegal

animal cruelty

Question 8

What act did the Metropolitan Police create in 1829 ?

Answer 8

• Force through the actions of the Home Secretary - Sir Robert Peel

Question 9

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TIME

Answer 9

• WC - No time/energy due to long working hrs (75/week)
• participated on few bank holidays w/ short activities

Question 10

Pre - Industrial - Money

Answer 10

• UC - Expensive equipment, specialised facilities
• WC - Used natural facilities + equipment

Question 11

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION + Literacy

Answer 11

• WC - Limited, unwritten rules
• UC - Complex, defined rules
• UC males were literate, WC females weren’t

Question 12

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

Answer 12

WC - Local play, no leagues, cups or standardised rules
UC - built facilites to avoid poor road

Question 13

POST-1850 INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

Answer 13

• Saturday half days
• Factory teams increased WC participation

Question 14

POST INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

Answer 14

• gradual increase in female participation
• still lower compared to males

Question 15

POST INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

Answer 15

• decline but few changes in violent sports - UC were law makers
• codification brought rules + regulations

Question 16

POST-1850 INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION

Answer 16

• Education improved understanding = better range + access for WC
• More participation

Question 17

POST INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

Answer 17

• Range of international + league fixtures
• Developed standardised rules

Question 18

Post industrial - Time

Answer 18

• LC - growing participation + energy due to reduced working hrs
• Saturday half day increased participation
• Still less then UC

Question 19

Post Industrial - Money

Answer 19

• WC lacked disposable income but professionalism increased access

Question 20

3 ways public schools influenced sport

Answer 20

• Thomas Arnold = house system
• cult of athleticism
• 1845 rugby rules

Question 21

2 reasons why cycling was socially acceptable for women post 1850

Answer 21

• Not too violent
• Could be done in a ‘feminine’ way

Question 22

How did NGB’s help develop sport post-1850

Answer 22

• Created Rules to civilise society
• Travel to play so common rules important.

Question 23

3 reasons private school students are more sucessful

Answer 23

• Specialist Coaching + Equipment
• More Curriculum time
• Wider Curriculum

Question 24

Explain how the ‘cult of athleticism’ impacted the development of sport.

Answer 24

• specialist facilities developed
• Developed moral integrity + physical endeavour
• Developed NGBs

Question 25

3 ways 19th century public schools promote + organise sports?

Answer 25

• Rules
• Money
• Time on sport

Question 26

Explain effect of rules on 19th century sports

Answer 26

Students developed rules, structure + NGBs

(Codification)

Question 27

Explain effect of Money on 19th century sports

Answer 27

• Facilities, Coaching, Equipment

Question 28

Explain effect of Time on sports on 19th century sports

Answer 28

• Boarding school
• Believed games were valuable