PAPER 1 - Injury Prevention Flashcards
What are ACUTE INJURIES ?
sudden injury associated w/a traumatic event
ACUTE INJURIES : EXAMPLE
- fractured metatarsal from kicking football
What are CHRONIC INJURIES ?
slowly developed injury associated w/overuse
What are HARD TISSUE INJURIES ?
- damage to the bone, joint or cartilage
What are SOFT TISSUE INJURIES ?
- damage to the skin, muscle, tendon or ligament
What are the two types of acute HARD TISSUE INJURIES?
- fractures
- dislocations
What is a FRACTURE ?
- PARTIAL or COMPLETE break in the bone
What are the 7 other types of FRACTURES ?
- greenstick
- transverse
- oblique
- spiral
- comminuted
- impacted
- avulsion
What is a DISLOCATION ?
- DISPLACEMENT of one bone from another out of their ORIGINAL POSITION
DISLOCATION : CAUSE
direct /indirect force pushes joint past extreme RoM
DISLOCATION : SYMPTOMS
- ‘Pop’ feeling
- loss of movement
What is a SUBLUXATION ?
- partial dislocation
What are the acute SOFT TISSUE INJURIES?
- contusions/haematoma
- sprain
- strain
- abrasion
- blister
What are CONTUSIONS ?
- ruptured blood vessels in skin or tissue
What is a RUPTURE ?
COMPLETE TEAR of a muscle,
tendon or ligaments
What is HAEMATOMA ?
localised CONGEALED bleeding as a result of ruptured blood vessels
What is a SPRAIN ?
- OVERSTRETCH/tear in LIGAMENTS
connect bone to bone
SPRAIN : CAUSES
- sudden twist/impact / fall beyond RoM
SPRAIN : SYMPTOMS
- Inability to bear weight
- pain
What is a STRAIN ?
OVERSTRETCH/tear in the MUSCLE/TENDON
STRAIN : CAUSE
overstretching a muscle
STRAIN : EXAMPLE
badminton - lunging for drop shot
STRAIN : SYMPTOMS
- pain on movement
What is an ABRASION ?
- SUPERFICIAL DAMAGE to SKIN
- caused by scraping against surface
ABRASION : EXAMPLE
- falling on athletics track
What is the technical term for cut ?
laceration
What is CONCUSSION ?
traumatic BRAIN INJURY causing disturbance of BRAIN FUNCTION
Signs of a concussion
- balance problems
- unconsciousness
CONCUSSION : CAUSES
- direct hit to head
What is OSTEOARTHRITIS ?
- DEGENERATION of ARTICULAR CARTILAGE from bone surfaces, causing pain + restricted movement
CHRONIC INJURIES : EXAMPLE
- stress fracture, basketball
What is the only chronic HARD TISSUE INJURY?
- stress fractures
What is a STRESS FRACTURE ?
TINY CRACK in a bone surface caused by overuse
2 sports that STRESS FRACTURES are common in ?
- distance running
- basketball
What are the types of chronic SOFT TISSUE INJURIES?
- shin splints
- tendinosis
What are SHIN SPLINTS ?
- SHIN PAIN due to inflammed muscles + stress on TENDON ATTACHMENTS to tibia surface
What is the most common form of SHIN SPLINTS ?
medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)
What is TEDINOSIS ?
DETERIORATION of a TENDON caused by chronic overuse + repetitive strain
What are the two types of TEDINOSIS ?
- achilles tendinosis
- tennis elbow
What is ACHILLES TENDINOSIS ?
tendinosis in heel
What is TENNIS ELBOW ?
tendinosis in the forearm
TENDINOSIS : SYMPTOMS
- limited movement/stiffness
What are the two classifications of RISK FACTORS ?
- intrinsic risk factors
- extrinsic risk factors
What are INTRINSIC RISK FACTORS ?
- risks of force from WITHIN the body
2 types of INTRINSIC RISK FACTORS?
- Individual Variables
- Training Effects
What are EXTRINSIC RISK FACTORS ?
risks of force from OUTSIDE the body
What are the 4 EXTRINSIC RISK FACTORS ?
- poor technique
- incorrect equipment
- inadequate training variance
- No warm up /cool down
What are Non-Steroid Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) ?
- Medication to reduce inflammation, temp. or pain following injury
What are the three main treatment methods?
- NSAIDs
- Physiotherapy
- Surgery
Define Physiotherapy
Treatment of injuries + disease using physical methods
2 signs of a fracture
- Deformity
- Swelling
2 symptoms of a fracture
- Pain
- Unable to move injured area
3 types of dislocation
- Normal
- Anterior
- Posterior
Signs of Contusion/Haematoma
- Swelling + Discolouration
Symptoms of Contusion/Haematoma
- Pain (at touch in a minor case)
signs of a sprain
- Swelling + Bruising
signs of strain
- swelling
- bruising
Example of sprain
- rolled ankle in basketball
Symptoms of concussion
- Dizziness
- Nasuea
What is a blister?
- separated layers of skin, forming fluid pockets
- caused by friction
Key Features of a warm up
- 20-45m
- Gradually increasing intensity
- Avoids Static Stretching
Key features of a cool down
- 20-30m
- Gradually decreasing intensity
- Several stages
2 uses of warm up
- Prepares body physyiologically
- Minimises injury risk
3 uses of cool down
- Maintaining HR
- LA Removal
- Aids healing process
6 Rs
- Recognise
- Remove
- Refer
- Rest
- Recover
- Return
When should PRICE be used ?
Soft-Tissue Injuries
When should SALTAPS Be used?
In the event of a sporting accident
Define Rehabilitation
- restoring full function after an injury
2 treatments for simple fractures
- NSAIDS
- Physiotherapy
2 treatments for stress fractures + Dislocations
- PRICE
- Immobilisation
2 Treatments for Sprains
- Heat Therapy
- Contrast Therapy
Define Heat Therapy
Applying heat to an area before training for therapeutic effect
Increases blood flow
Define Contrast Therapy
- Alternating heat + cold for therapeutic effect
Increased blood flow
Treatments for Torn Cartilage
- PRICE
- Arthroscopy
2 treatments for exercise-Induced muscle damage
- Cold Therapy
- Massage + stretching techniques
Define Arthroscopy
- Procedure to examine + repair damage within a joint
Define Massage
- used for injury prevention + soft-tissue injury
Define Cold Therapy/Cryotherapy
- Applying ice to injury/post-exercise for therapeutic effect
Reduced swelling
Recognise
- Coaches should be aware of concussive symptoms
Remove
- Player with suspected concussion from field of play
Refer
- To a qualified healthcare professional
Rest
- until free of symptoms
Recover
- and be symptom free before returning
Return
- Once cleared by qualified pro
What are the 6 R’s used for
Concussions
2 debates about a warm up
- Static stretching has no effect on injury prevention
- Reduces O2 consumption by 50% in muscles
4 Intrinsic Individual Variables
- Previous Injury
- Age
- Nutrition
- Poor Preparation
3 Intrinsic Training Effects
- Posture + alignment issues
- Inadequate fitness levels
- Inappropriate flexibility level
Stop
SALTAPS
- the game + observe injury
Ask
SALTAPS
- the player questions about where it hurts
Look
SALTAPS
- at the injury site
Touch
SALTAPS
- at injury site for swelling/deformity
Active Movement
SALTAPS
- ask if participant can move injured area
Passive Movement
SALTAPS
- Assessor try to move injured area
Strength Testing
SALTAPS
- Ask player to put pressure on injured area
Protect
PRICE
- injury from further damage w/support or splint
Rest
PRICE
- for 2-3 days
Ice
PRICE
- With a cold compress
Compress
PRICE
- injured area w/bandage
Elevate
PRICE
- above heart level w/support
