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A-Level PE > PAPER 1 - Energy for Exercise > Flashcards

PAPER 1 - Energy for Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Define Energy
w/units

A

The ability to perform work
Joules (J)

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2
Q

Define Work
w/units

A
  • force applied to a body to move it over a distance
    Joules (J)
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3
Q

Equation for Work

A

Work = Force X Distance

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4
Q

Power
units + equation

A

Rate at which work is done - Watts (W)
Power = Work/time

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5
Q

What is an EXOTHERMIC REACTION ?

A

a chemical reaction that releases energy

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6
Q

What is an ENDOTHERMIC REACTION ?

A

a chemical reaction which absorbs energy

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7
Q

Define Coupled Reaction

A

Continual breakdown + resynthesis of ATP

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8
Q

What is ATP broken down into

A

ADP + P + Energy

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9
Q

What is ATPase ?

A

an ENZYME which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of ATP

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10
Q

What happens when ADP increases and ATP decreases?

A

Creatine Kinase is released

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11
Q

What are the 3 energy systems ?

A
  • ATP-PC system
  • LA system
  • aerobic system
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12
Q

What is ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS ?

A

the partial breakdown of glucose into PYRUVIC ACID

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13
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

A

anaerobic

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14
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : SITE

A

sarcoplasm

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15
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : FUEL

A

PC stores

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16
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ENZYMES

A

creatine kinase

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17
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ATP YIELD

A

1 ATP

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18
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : STAGES + Controlling Enzyme

A
  • PC –> P + C + energy - EXO.
  • ADP + P + Energy –> ATP - ENDO.
  • Creatine Kinase
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19
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS

A

none

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20
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : INTENSITY + DURATION

A

very high intensity
8-10s

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21
Q

Advantages of ATP-PC

A
  • PC readily available + quickly resynthesised
  • No fatiguing by-products
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22
Q

Disadvantages of ATP-PC

A
  • Only 1 ATP resynthesised
  • Limited PC store
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23
Q

LA SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

A

can be both

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24
Q

LA SYSTEM : SITE

A

sarcoplasm

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25
Q

LA SYSTEM : FUEL

A

glycogen / glucose

26
Q

LA SYSTEM : ENZYME

A

GP, PFK and LDH

27
Q

LA SYSTEM : YIELD

A

2 ATP

28
Q

LA SYSTEM : STAGES

A

Glycogen
GP
Glucose
PFK - 2ATP
Pyruvic
LDH
Lactic

29
Q

LA SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS

A

lactic acid

30
Q

LA SYSTEM : INTENSITY

A

high intensity
10s - 3min

31
Q

Advantages of LA System

A
  • Fewer reactions than aerobic = quicker supply
  • Resynthesises 2 ATP = more than PC System
32
Q

Disadvantages of LA System

A
  • Slower than PC system
  • LA stimulates pain receptors
33
Q

What happens during Aerobic Glycolysis? w/Site of Reaction

A
  • Same as LA till pyruvic + CoA = Acetyl CoA + Oxoloacetic Acid = Citric Acid
  • Mitochondria
34
Q

What happens in the KREB’S CYCLE ?

A

Stage 2 - 2 ATP
- Hydrogen oxidised and released as H2O
- CO2 lost to surroundings

35
Q

What happens in the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) ?

A

Stage 3 - 34 ATP
NADH = 30
FADH = 4

36
Q

Aerobic System - ATP Yield

A

38 ATP

37
Q

Aerobic System - Type of Reaction

A

Aerobic

38
Q

Aerobic System - Fuel

A

Glucose + FFAs

39
Q

Aerobic System - Sites of reaction

A

1 - Mitochondria
2 - Matrix
3 - Cristae

40
Q

Aerobic System - Controlling Enzymes

A

PFK + CoA

41
Q

Aerobic System - By Products

A

CO2 + H2O

42
Q

Aerobic System - Intensity + Duration

A
  • Low-Moderate
  • 3mins+
43
Q

Advantages of Aerobic System

A
  • Large glycogen + FFA Stores
  • No fatiguing by products
44
Q

Disadvantages of Aerobic System

A
  • Slowest Rate of ATP resynthesis
  • Requires greater O2 supply - 15% more for FFAs
45
Q

Why is oxygen available in the Aerobic System?

A

Intensity is low

46
Q

What is INTERMITTENT EXERCISE ?

A

Alternating intensity between:
- work : relief intervals during interval training
- breaks of play during games

47
Q

What are WORK : RELIEF PERIODS ?

A

the VOLUME of RELIEF in relation to the VOLUME of WORK PERFORMED

48
Q

What are the other factors that affect interplay of energy systems ?

A
  • position of the player
  • tactics + strategies
  • level of competition
  • structure of the game
49
Q

How does enzyme activity delay OBLA?

A

Increases ATP-PC System Efficiency

50
Q

How does buffering capacity delay OBLA?

A

Increased LA Tolerance

51
Q

How does mitochondria density delay OBLA?

A

Increased use of O2

52
Q

Define Threshold

A
  • Point where energy production moves from one system to another
53
Q

6 Factors affecting energy system used

A
  • Intensity + Duration
  • Thresholds
  • O2 transport
  • Fuel Available
  • Enzyme Activation Level
  • Fitness Levels
54
Q

How do intensity + duration affect energy systems?

A

High Intensity, Short Duration = ATP/PC + LA
Low Intensity, Long Duration = Aerobic System

55
Q

How do thresholds affect energy systems?

A

Very High = ATP/PC
High = LA
Low/Moderate = Aerobic

56
Q

How does O2 Supply affect energy systems?

A
  • below demand = Aerobic Threshold
  • LA system breaks glucose down anaerobically to resynthesise
57
Q

How does fuel availability affect energy systems

A
  • PC stores depleted by high intensity exercise
  • Conserve by Pacing + restoring during recovery w/aerobic energy
58
Q

How does enzyme activation level affect energy systems

A
  • ATP/PC - Increased ADP + Decreased ATP = CK
  • LA - Decreased PC = PFK
  • Aerobic - Increased adrenaline + decreased insulin = PFK
59
Q

How do fitness levels affect energy systems?

A
  • FFA’s used earlier + glycogen stores conserved
  • Delayed OBLA = increased Aerobic threshold
60
Q

4 Factors affecting interplay of energy systems during intermittent exercise

A
  • intensity of exercise
  • duration of exercise
  • recovery periods
  • fitness levels
61
Q

how recovery periods affect energy systems during intermittent exercise?

A
  • Timeouts + breaks aid recovery
  • Allow rehydration + glycogen replacement
62
Q

Define Energy Continuum

A
  • Relative Contribution of each energy system, dependant on intensity + duration

A-Level PE (25 decks)

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