PA DX REFRESHER (Finalized) (9/24/23)

Question 1

The following typically characterizes Psychological Assessment EXCEPT:

A. Psychological assessment requires a critical judgment in selection tools of evaluation and thoughtful integration of data from tools used.
B. The assessor is not the key to the process but the client and the referral party.
C. The process is typically individualized, differing from one client to another.
D. It entails a logical problem-solving approach to answer a referral question.

Answer 1

B. The assessor is not the key to the process but the client and the referral party.

Question 2

When a student comes to you for career counseling and asks if she could take a test to find out what field she would be good at, what kind of test would you recommend?

A. Achievement test
B. Diagnostic test
C. Interest test
D. Aptitude test

Answer 2

D. Aptitude test

Question 3

Objective tests are objective because

A. Scoring is heavily dependent on the judgment of the scorer.
B. They are scored in a simple, straightforward manner.
C. They contain items that have right or wrong answers.
D. They are based on responses to ambiguous stimuli.

Answer 3

B. They are scored in a simple, straightforward manner.

Question 4

One of the principles of ethics in psychological assessment is to ensure that one test is complemented with another assessment method to arrive at a more comprehensive profile of the client. This ensures that the limitation in the test is being addressed and compensated by another assessment method. What assumption of psychological testing does this refer to?

A. Testing and assessment can be conducted in a fair and unbiased manner.
B. Psychological traits and states can be quantified and measured.
C. Tests and other measurement techniques have strengths and weaknesses.
D. Test-related behavior predicts non-test related behavior.

Answer 4

C. Tests and other measurement techniques have strengths and weaknesses.

Question 5

In her assigned community, the social worker observed that the parents are struggling on how to discipline their children in terms of doing their homework. The social worker started by assessing the reasons for these struggles by interviewing the parents and letting them respond to a questionnaire. Through this, the social worker was able to know the reasons for the struggle and provided interventions accordingly. What assumption of psychological testing does this refer to?

A. Testing and assessment benefit society.
B. Psychological traits and states exist.
C. Test-related Behavior Predicts Non-test Related Behavior.
D. Various Sources of Error Are Part of the Assessment Process

Answer 5

A. Testing and assessment benefit society.

Question 6

Which of the following was the main reason for developing the first intelligence test?

A. to measure the emotional stability of individuals
B. to identify intellectually subnormal children
C. to identify children who were exceptionally gifted
D. to find equipped recruits for the Army

Answer 6

B. to identify intellectually subnormal children

Question 7

The following accurately describe the role of test publishers, LEAST of which is:

A. The publish, market and sell psychological tests.
B. They may require the test user to submit a proof of their credentials.
C. They prepare test catalogues, providing a description of the tests they are selling.
D. They conceive, prepare, and develop tests.

Answer 7

D. They conceive, prepare, and develop tests.

Question 8

If you intend to assess a person’s personality and at the same time measure their intelligence it is BEST to use:

A. NEO-Pi-3
B. 16PF
C. BPI
D. PAI

Answer 8

B. 16PF

Question 9

What was Wechsler’s major criticism of the Binet scale?

A. It was not reliable.
B. It was not an appropriate measure of adults’ intelligence.
C. The norms did not include non-whites.
D. It was not an appropriate measure of children’s intelligence.

Answer 9

B. It was not an appropriate measure of adults’ intelligence.

Question 10

The assessor asked the client to interpret the meaning of “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”. This part of the MSE assesses the client’s _______.

A. Judgment
B. Orientation
C. Abstract thinking
D. Thought content

Answer 10

C. Abstract thinking

Question 11

To keep the assessment interview going, an assessor can make use of the following, LEAST of which is:

A. Probing
B. Encouraging
C. Summarizing
D. Confrontation

Answer 11

C. Summarizing

Question 12

The client said, “I feel bad that I got angry at my mom yesterday and shouted at her”. The following are appropriate responses, LEAST of which is:

A. Why did you yell at her?
B. Tell me more about what happened?
C. What led up to the situation?
D. Can you tell me more about that?

Answer 12

A. Why did you yell at her?

Question 13

When a third-party observer is present while a psychological assessment is being conducted, it is good practice to:

A. acquaint the observer with all of the test administration materials.
B. include in the assessment report mention of the third party observer.
C. ask the assessee to respond as if the observer is not really there.
D. allow the observer to help the assessee during test taking.

Answer 13

B. include in the assessment report mention of the third party observer.

Question 14

During the RISB administration, the client completed the phrase “The best…” by adding “yet to come”. Such neutral statement would be rated by an assessor using number:

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Answer 14

D. 3

Question 15

The following are considered as projective techniques, LEAST of which is the:

A. BVMGT
B. HT
C. TAT
D. Rorschach

Answer 15

A. BVMGT

Question 16

An 8-year-old child was referred form evaluation to determine if he has a specific learning disorder. Which among the following test batteries would allow the clinician to answer the referral question?

A. HEXACO, BPI
B. TAT, WMS
C. WISC, SB-5
D. WISC, WIAT

Answer 16

D. WISC, WIAT

Question 17

The 16PF 6th Edition can measure a testtaker’s extraversion, which is defined as:

A. Warmth, liveliness, social boldness, forthrightness, and group-orientation
B. Warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking and positive emotionality
C. Initiating, expressive, gregarious, active, and enthusiastic
D. Sociability, impulsiveness and low levels of cortical arousal

Answer 17

A. Warmth, liveliness, social boldness, forthrightness, and group-orientation

Question 18

The following are advantages of binary-choice items, LEAST of which is:

A. Can sample a great deal of content in a relatively short time.
B. Test consisting of such items is relatively easy to construct and score.
C. May be machine- or computer scored.
D. Measures how well testtaker can communicate ideas in writing.

Answer 18

D. Measures how well testtaker can communicate ideas in writing.

Question 19

Categories with proper order fall under _.

A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. ratio
D. interval

Answer 19

B. ordinal

Question 20

The following are measures of correlation, EXCEPT for:

A. Pearson-r
B. Spearman rho
C. Shapiro-Wilk
D. Kendall’s tau

Answer 20

C. Shapiro-Wilk

Question 21

Joey, who is pursuing a degree in psychology, achieved a score of 45 on the Social Psychology exam and 73 on the Cognitive Psychology exam. In the Social Psychology test, the class average is 35 with a standard deviation of 7, while in the Cognitive Psychology test, the class average is 58 with a standard deviation of 8. What conclusions can be drawn from her test performance?

A. It is difficult to make a reliable inference.
B. Joey has a lesser aptitude for Social Psychology than Cognitive Psychology.
C. Joey has equal aptitude for both Social Psychology than Cognitive Psychology.
D. Joey has greater aptitude for Social Psychology than Cognitive Psychology.

Answer 21

B. Joey has a lesser aptitude for Social Psychology than Cognitive Psychology.

Question 22

In a(n) ____ test, the objective is to determine where the examinee stands with respect to very tightly defined educational standards.

A. norm-referenced
B. intelligence
C. speed test
D. criterion-referenced

Answer 22

D. criterion-referenced

Question 23

The first step in constructing a psychological test is to

A. determine the sample size to which the test is administered.
B. conduct quantitative item analysis.
C. identify a likely publisher for the test.
D. be clear about the construct to be assessed with the test.

Answer 23

D. be clear about the construct to be assessed with the test.

Question 24

Which of the following difficulty indices would result to a positively skewed distribution?

A. d = .80
B. d = .50
C. p = .80
D. p = .30

Answer 24

D. p = .30

Question 25

Which of the following discrimination indices would be obtained if the item was answered by both the lower group and the higher group?

A. d = 0.00
B. d = 1.00
C. p = .99
D. p = .20

Answer 25

A. d = 0.00

Question 26

In test construction

A. random samples from the general population are always employed.
B. representative samples from the population of interest are employed.
C. accidental or convenience samples have been found to be as good as any other.
D. random samples are employed for the initial analysis but not subsequently.

Answer 26

B. representative samples from the population of interest are employed.

Question 27

Before administering a psychological test, the most important thing a psychologist should ensure is that.

A. the test has local norms.
B. the test was developed by a local test developer.
C. the test has been reviewed in the Mental Measurements Yearbook.
D. the test is appropriate for the client’s profile and background.

Answer 27

D. the test is appropriate for the client’s profile and background.

Question 28

Results for a client on a psychological test

A. should not be interpreted by a person.
B. should be interpreted in isolation.
C. should always be interpreted by a computer.
D. should not be interpreted in isolation.

Answer 28

D. should not be interpreted in isolation.

Question 29

The following are measures of psychopathology, LEAST of which is:

A. PAI
B. WGCTA
C. MMPI-3
D. BPI

Answer 29

B. WGCTA

Question 30

Which estimate of reliability is most consistent with the domain sampling theory?

A. test-retest
B. internal-consistency
C. alternate-form
D. interscorer

Answer 30

B. internal-consistency

Question 31

KR-20 would be the MOST suitable measure of internal consistency for test that measure:

A. Mathematical and English ability
B. Somatic complaints and hypochondriasis
C. Positive and negative affectivity
D. Malingering, nay-saying, acquiescence and impression management

Answer 31

A. Mathematical and English ability

Question 32

The following are measures of internal consistency, LEAST of which is:

A. McDonald’s Omega
B. Split-half
C. Cronbach’s alpha
D. Spearman Rho

Answer 32

D. Spearman Rho

Question 33

If a particular test is reliable, the following can be said about it, LEAST of which is:

A. The test generates consistent results.
B. The impact of error on the test is very minimal.
C. The observed scores are good estimates of the true scores or true abilities of the test takers.
D. The test is easy for the lower group which it is difficult for the upper group.

Answer 33

D. The test is easy for the lower group which it is difficult for the upper group.

Question 34

“I do not like spending time with people which is why I spend a lot time in the library alone.” What could be wrong with this item?

A. The item is double-barreled.
B. The item is too easy for the test takers.
C. The item is too simplistic for a psychological test.
D. The item should undergo discriminability analysis.

Answer 34

A. The item is double-barreled.

Question 35

Which of the following situations depicts content validation?

A. Division of the test into two using odd-even methodology.
B. Correlating a test with other test to test an existing theory.
C. Evaluating the adequacy of items covering the construct of interest.
D. Developing a similar type of test with comparable difficulty level.

Answer 35

C. Evaluating the adequacy of items covering the construct of interest.

Question 36

What makes performance tests unique in contrast to their verbal counterparts?

A. There is an object or material to be manipulated to measure the ability.
B. It measures the ability of the person to analyze sentences.
C. They do not measure knowledge.
D. They rely less on language.

Answer 36

D. They rely less on language.

Question 37

The following are facets of Extraversion in the NEO-Pi-r EXCEPT

A. Activity
B. Gregariousness
C. Positive emotions
D. Straightforwardness

Answer 37

D. Straightforwardness

Question 38

Aside from the MMPI, which of the following scales has validity scales?

A. PAI
B. BPI
C. NEO-Pi-r
D. PANAS

Answer 38

A. PAI

Question 39

Which of the following scales can be utilized in determining if a person has PTSD?

A. PAI
B. MCMI
C. BPI
D. MMPI-3

Answer 39

D. MMPI-3

Question 40

Which of the following has the capacity to measure the ability to hold information in the mind for a brief period of time?

A. PAI
B. DAT
C. RPM
D. OLSAT

Answer 40

B. DAT

Question 41

If Robert is determining the difficulty and the discriminability of the test items, then he is already in the _________ stage of test development.

A. item analysis
B. test conceptualization
C. test revision
D. test construction

Answer 41

A. item analysis

Question 42

You were asked to familiarize personality test which will be used as a one of the bases for selection to the university you are working in. You want to find out if the personality test is internally consistent. What aspect of the test are you going to look at?

A. Inter-rater reliability
B. Test-retest reliability
C. Content validity
D. Split-half reliability

Answer 42

D. Split-half reliability

Question 43

When your teacher decided to give you an achievement test for Psychological Assessment but only included items on validity, what category of validity is most likely in question?

A. Face validity
B. Content validity
C. Criterion validity
D. Construct validity

Answer 43

B. Content validity

Question 44

If a test developer finds that the scores on a new employment test designed to predict success on the job correlated with the employee’s performance appraisal ratings, the test shows evidence of what?

A. validity based on a test’s appearance.
B. validity based on a test’s relationship with a construct.
C. validity based on the test’s relationship with a criteria
D. validity based on a test’s content.

Answer 44

C. validity based on the test’s relationship with a criteria

Question 45

Which best describes the concept of validity as applied to tests?

A. It refers to whether a test is administered under standardized conditions.
B. It refers to how well at test measures what the test authors intend to measure.
C. It refers to whether the same results could have occurred by chance less than five times in a hundred.
D. It refers to how well a specific sample performs on an administration of a test.

Answer 45

B. It refers to how well at test measures what the test authors intend to measure.

Question 46

The following are typical questions that are raised and answered during the test conceptualization stage of test development, LEAST of which is:

A. What is the objective of the test?
B. Is there a need for the test?
C. What types of responses will be required of the test-taker?
D. How valid are the items on the test?

Answer 46

D. How valid are the items on the test?

Question 47

A competent psychometrician/psychologist should ______.

A. be equally competent in all the different subareas of the field
B. recognize the boundaries of their competence
C. offer assistance even outside the boundaries of competence at all times
D. all of the above

Answer 47

B. recognize the boundaries of their competence

Question 48

When Delia, the school psychologist, was asked by a parent if she can give them a copy of the entrance exam, Delia refused and said that this is considered unethical. What ethical principle is being observed?

A. Bases for assessment
B. Interpreting assessment results
C. Test construction
D. Maintaining test security

Answer 48

D. Maintaining test security

Question 49

You (A psychologist) got sick during the day of your appointment with a patient. You do not want to cancel the appointment, so you called your newly accepted psychometrician to do the intake interview. You also called your client to explain your condition and told him not worry because you provide close supervision to your apprentice. Is there an ethical violation?

A. Yes, because you asked a psychometrician to perform a function that he is not part of his responsibilities.
B. Yes, because of cancellation of the appointment.
C. No, because continuing the appointment will only compromise the service we can provide.
D. No, because psychometricians are trained to perform psychotherapy as well.

Answer 49

C. No, because continuing the appointment will only compromise the service we can provide.

Question 50

Which of the following is unethical?

A. Having a multiple relationship with your client.
B. Accepting a gift from your client.
C. Protecting the privacy and confidentiality of your client.
D. Referring clients whose problems are beyond your expertise.

Answer 50

A. Having a multiple relationship with your client.