ABP Chapter 1 Quizzes

Question 1

According to the authors of your textbook, the definition of a psychological disorder is associated with

a. stress.
b. impaired functioning.
c. culturally expected responses.
d. psychotic symptoms.

Answer 1

b. impaired functioning.

Question 2

A psychological dysfunction refers to:

a. a breakdown in cognitive functioning.
b. a breakdown in emotional functioning.
c. a breakdown in behavioral functioning.
d. any of these.

Answer 2

d. any of these.

Question 3

Regarding the definition of abnormality, it is correct to state that:

a. it is difficult to define “normal” and “abnormal.”
b. abnormality depends solely on subjective distress.
c. the definition is universal across cultures.
d. the criteria differ depending on whether the individual
has a psychological disorder or a psychological dysfunction.

Answer 3

a. it is difficult to define “normal” and “abnormal.”

Question 4

A male college student begins feeling sad and lonely. Although still able to go to classes and work at his job, he finds himself feeling down much of the time and worries about what is happening to him. Which part of the definition of abnormality applies to his situation?

a. Personal distress
b. Cultural factors
c. Impaired functioning
d. Violation of societal norms

Answer 4

a. Personal distress

Question 4

The criterion that a particular behavior be atypical or not culturally expected is insufficient to define abnormality because

a. behavior that occurs infrequently is considered abnormal in every culture.
b. the atypical behavior must also cause harm or impairment to be considered abnormal.
c. behaviors vary very little from one individual to another within each culture.
d. many people behave in ways that deviate from the average, but this doesn’t mean that they have a disorder.

Answer 4

d. many people behave in ways that deviate from the average, but this doesn’t mean that they have a disorder.

Question 5

Mark has dyed his hair purple. Although his friends like the color, his older aunts have been giving him strange looks. Mark is applying for jobs and has not yet had any job offers. He suspects that potential employers are not taking him seriously because of his hair color. Which part of abnormality applies to Mark’s employment situation?

a. Personal Distress
b. Cultural Factors
c. Impaired Functioning
d. Violation of Social Norms

Answer 5

d. Violation of Social Norms

Question 6

Talking loudly and smoking is more appropriate in an Egyptian movie theater than an American one. This illustrates which norm?

a. Personal Distress
b. Cultural Factor
c. Impaired Functioning
d. Violation of Social Norms

Answer 6

b. Cultural Factor

Question 6

Which of the following degrees is earned by a psychiatrist?

a. Ph.D. b. Ed.D. c. M.D. d. Psy.D.

Answer 6

c. M.D.

Question 7

Which of the following is true:

a. There is clear consensus on the definition of mental health disease.
b. There is no clear consensus on the definition of disease but there is a clear definition of mental health disorder.
c. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) never changes its definitions.
d. The DSM is based on prototypes or symptoms and examples of the phenomenon in question.

Answer 7

d. The DSM is based on prototypes or symptoms and examples of the phenomenon in question.

Question 8

With which of the following terminal degrees can you practice therapy?

a. Master’s degree in business administration
b. Bachelor’s degree in psychology
c. Ph.D. in psychology with additional licensing requirements
d. Ph.D. in non-profit management

Answer 8

c. Ph.D. in psychology with additional licensing requirements

Question 9

. Rocky Starr is a male rocker who wears outlandish
makeup and women’s clothing when performing on stage.
This behavior is considered

a. more abnormal than that of an accountant who starts
to do so because rockstars are supposed to be very
masculine.
b. less abnormal than that of an accountant who starts to
do so because it is consistent with his professional
success.
c. less abnormal than that of an accountant who starts to
do so because its more common to see a rockstar in
makeup.
d. just as abnormal as that of an accountant who starts to
do so because abnormality is defined by the individual
himself.

Question 10

The prototype of a disorder reflects as described in
DSM-5.

a. its history and prognosis
b. its biological underpinnings
c. the causes of pathology
d. the “typical” profile and diagnostic criteria

Question 11

The scientific study of psychological disorders is called

a. psychopathology.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. pseudoscience.
d. parapsychology

Question 11

Dr. Simons is studying learning behavior in rats. What
is likely her main field of study?

a. Behaviorism
b. Oedipal theory
c. Psychiatry
d. Humanistic Psychology

Question 11

Why is the biological theoretical model considered a
newer field of study than the psychological theoretical
model?

a. Brain scans can tell us about brain structure.
b. The field of genetics is relatively young.
c. We have more powerful microscopes than we have
had in the past.
d. All of the above are true.

Question 12

Dr. Smith is interested in how separation anxiety
changes over time from childhood to adolescence in the
general population. What is his main field of study?

a. Oedipal theory
b. Behaviorism
c. Child psychopathology
d. Developmental psychology

Question 13

All of the following are ways in which mental health
professionals might function as scientist-practitioners
EXCEPT

a. analyzing their own motivations and reasons for
helping people with psychological problems.
b. evaluating their own assessments and treatments for
effectiveness.
c. conducting research leading to new information about
mental disorders and their treatments.
d. using the most current diagnostic and treatment
procedures.

Question 13

Tameka, having earned her master’s degree, has begun
treating disorders and concentrating on family problems.
Tameka is probably a(n)

a. psychiatric social worker.
b. family therapist.
c. psychiatric nurse.
d. mental health counselor

Question 14

Statistical data are often relevant when discussing
psychological disorders. For example, a researcher might
want to know how many new cases of depression are
diagnosed each year, a figure called the disorder.

a. prevalence
b. incidence
c. recurrence
d. ratio

Question 15

Psychological disorders can be described as following
a typical course or individual pattern. For example,
schizophrenia follows a chronic course. On the other hand,
mood disorders, including depression, follow
a(n) course.

a. episodic
b. acute
c. cyclic
d. Insidious

Question 16

If a psychological disorder is said to have an acute
onset, it means that the symptoms developed

a. suddenly.
b. atypically.
c. gradually.
d. following a period of recovery.

Question 17

When 20-year-old Larry was first diagnosed with
schizophrenia, his family wanted to know if and how the
disorder would progress and how it would affect him in the
future. In medical terms, the family wanted to know Larry’s

a. Diagnosis.
b. Prognosis.
c. Pathophysiology.
d. disease etiology.

Question 18

At various times in history, in an attempt to explain
problematic, irrational behavior, humans have focused on
supernatural causes that include

a. witchcraft.
b. demons and evil spirits.
c. the moon and stars.
d. all of the above

Question 19

Throughout history, one of these theoretical models
have been used to primarily explain our behavior, thinking
and emotions EXCEPT

a. psychological.
b. biological.
c. supernatural.
d. physical.

Question 20

Toward the end of the 14th century and continuing into
the 15th, the causes of “madness” were generally
attributed to

a. toxins in the blood.
b. religious delusions.
c. brain disease.
d. demons and witches

Question 21

Which of the following accurately describes the
attitudes of the Catholic Church toward mentally ill people
during the turbulent political and religious events of the
14th and 15th centuries?

a. They were considered to be suffering from religious
delusions and were cared for by members of the church communities.
b. They were seen as possessed by evil spirits and blamed for all misfortunes.
c. They were regarded as basically good individuals who were not responsible for their abnormal behavior.
d. They were provided with medical treatments and sometimes hospitalized because mental illness was regarded as equivalent to physical illness

Question 22

During the Middle Ages, as well as at other times,
mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the
religious ritual called exorcism. This was in order to

a. cure the mental illness by making the individual more
religious.
b. build up muscle strength and make the person
healthier.
c. rid the individual’s body of evil spirits.
d. prove that the person was not a witch.

Question 23

Sigmund Freud proposed that many physical
complaints suffered by young women

a. were a form of divine punishment.
b. reflected stress placed upon them by society.
c. resulted from the “conversion” of sexual fantasies into
socially acceptable outlets.
d. resulted from the rise in feminism.

Question 24

In the late 19th century, John P. Grey and his
colleagues

a. discovered the first cure for schizophrenia.
b. ironically reduced interest in treating mental patients.
c. changed the field of psychological research largely into
a biological science.
d. created the first humane treatment facilities for
mentally ill patients.

Question 25

DSM-5, an updated version of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was published in

a. 1994.
b. 2000.
c. 2002.
d. 2013.

Question 26

Research about psychological disorders falls into three
basic categories. Which is NOT one of these categories?

a. Analysis
b. Description
c. Causation (etiology)
d. Treatment and outcomes

Question 27

The authors describe an example of conditioning in
which cancer patients develop a negative reaction to a
variety of people and things associated with their
chemotherapy treatments. The phenomenon is called

a. generalized conditioning.
b. stimulus generalization.
c. variety stimulus.
d. stimulus discrimination.

Question 28

One hot and humid night, one of your friends suggests
doing some really crazy things. You look up at the sky and
say,
“It must be the full moon.” Your statement reflects the
concept from which the word is derived.

a. lunatic
b. idiot
c. maniac
d. psychopath

Question 29

Induced vomiting was a 17th century treatment for
depression. As described in Anatomy of Melancholy (1621),
this could be accomplished in part by eating

a. raw meat.
b. ice.
c. coal.
d. tobacco.

Question 30

You are listening to old musical tunes, including “My
Melancholy Baby.” Your friends are impressed when you
tell them that “melancholic,” referring to a depressive
personality, derives from a Greek word meaning

a. blood.
b. phlegm.
c. yellow bile.
d. black bile

Question 31

According to Hippocrates’ humoral theory, the
“choleric” personality is

a. hot-tempered.
b. easygoing.
c. kind.
d. cheap.

Question 32

Based on Hippocrates’ humoral theory, “sanguine”
describes a person who is

a. pessimistic.
b. pale.
c. cheerful.
d. humorous.

Question 33

Bloodletting, a treatment devised centuries ago to
restore the balance of humors, was accomplished with the
use of

a. needles.
b. leeches.
c. tourniquets.
d. bacteria.

Question 34

In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from “hysteria”
might be told that her condition could be cured by

a. marriage.
b. pregnancy.
c. therapy.
d. divorce.

Question 35

In ancient Greece, some “humoral excesses” thought to
be causing psychological disorders were treated by

a. increasing or decreasing the person’s exposure to
heat, dryness, moisture, or cold.
b. herbal remedies.
c. decreasing both caloric and liquid intake.
d. lowering the person’s body temperature for extended
periods of time.

Question 36

In keeping with an accepted treatment for mental illness
in the 14th century, a physician treating King Charles VI of
France had him moved to the countryside in order to

a. have him closer to a hospital that treated mental illness
b. keep him away from his family.
c. restore the balance in his humors.
d. cure him of hysteria.

Question 37

In an attempt to rid the body of the excessive humors
thought to be causing psychological disorders, physicians
throughout history have used treatments such as

a. bloodletting.
b. induced seizures.
c. exorcism.
d. drilling through the skull.

Question 38

The concept of hysteria, which traditionally meant
physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could
be found, is now associated with which DSM-5
classification?

a. Anxiety disorders
b. Borderline personality disorder
c. Premenstrual symptom disorder
d. Somatic symptom disorder

Question 39

The traditional tendency to stigmatize women as
“hysterical” derived from Hippocrates’ concept of

a. the “wandering womb.”
b. an “incompetent cervix.”
c. “penis envy.”
d. “pelvic dysfunction.”

Question 40

The term “hysteria” derives from the Greek hysteron, which means

a. vagina.
b. uterus.
c. penis.
d. libido.

Question 41

The first significant supporting evidence for a biological
cause of a mental disorder was the 19th century discovery
that the psychotic disorder called general paresis was
caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes

a. malaria.
b. Alzheimer’s disease.
c. syphilis.
d. The common cold

Question 42

In the 19th century, John Grey, a well-known American
psychiatrist, believed that mental illness was due to

a. psychological factors.
b. physical causes.
c. social/environmental influences.
d. unknown influences.

Question 43

Moral Therapy focuses on:

a. Social contact
b. Interpersonal contact
c. Teaching within holy books
d. a and c are correct

Question 44

In the 1950s, the first effective drugs for severe
psychotic disorders were developed in a systematic way. Before that time, all of the following were used to treat psychosis EXCEPT

a. opium.
b. neuroleptics.
c. herbal medicine.
d. moral therapy.

Question 45

In the 1800s, an important research and clinical
publication read by psychiatrists in the United States was
titled

a. Case Studies in Mental Illness.
b. American Journal of Madness.
c. American Journal of Insanity.
d. Lunatics in America

Question 46

With the discovery of the major tranquilizers called_, it
became possible to control psychotic symptoms, including
hallucinations, delusions, and aggressiveness.

a. neuroleptics
b. benzodiazepines
c. bromides
d. opiates

Question 47

Benzodiazepines, or “minor” tranquilizers such as Valium and Librium, are effective in reducing the symptoms of

a. depression.
b. anxiety.
c. schizophrenia.
d. hysteria.

Question 48

In the late 1800s, the emphasis on a biological cause of mental disorder ironically resulted in reduced interest in treatments for mental patients because it was thought that

a. physicians should devote more time to the physically ill.
b. patients would improve more rapidly if they were not hospitalized.
c. the hospital staff was not adequately trained to administer new treatments.
d. mental illness due to brain pathology was incurable

Question 49

In contrast to the asylums of the early 18th century, the
psychosocial approach called “moral therapy” advocated
all of the following EXCEPT

a. restraint and seclusion.
b. normal social interaction.
c. individual attention from the hospital staff.
d. lectures on interesting subjects for hospitalized
patients.

Question 50

After Philippe Pinel systematically introduced moral therapy as a treatment in mental hospitals in France, a similar type of treatment was first established in a U.S. hospital by

a. Benjamin Rush.
b. William Tuke.
c. Joseph von Medina.
d. Manfred Sakel.

Question 51

After the mid 1800s, moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill in the United States because
a. the number of patients in mental institutions also declined.
b. immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population.
c. the number of people available to staff mental hospitals increased.
d. new biologically based treatments became available

Question 52

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader, Dorothea Dix, who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane. After mentioning all of her accomplishments, you
note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts, namely,

a. a decrease in the number of mental patients in institutions, forcing many to close.
b. an increase in the number of mental patients, resulting in insufficient staff to care for them.
c. a change from custodial care to moral therapy for institutionalized patients.
d. more patients receiving psychotherapy and fewer receiving medication.

Question 53

Anton Mesmer, an early 18th century physician,
purported to be affecting cures in patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called “animal magnetism.” In fact, any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to

a. undetectable magnetic fields.
b. chemically induced humoral balance.
c. mental telepathy.
d. the power of suggestion.

Question 54

_____ demonstrated that some techniques of
mesmerism were effective with several psychological
disorders.

a. Philippe Pinel
b. Anton Mesmer
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Jean-Martin Charcot

Question 55

Which of the following accurately describes the patients of Freud and Breuer after they received hypnotherapy for their psychological disorders?

a. Feelings of relief and improvement
b. Decreased emotionality while in the hypnotic state
c. Accurate posthypnotic recall
d. Increased understanding of the causes of their psychological disorder

Question 56

Realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Breuer and Freud hypothesized the existence of psychopathology,
_, a concept considered one of the most important

developments in the history of
a. neurosis
b. the unconscious mind
c. the Electra complex
d. catharsis

Question 57

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological
disorders, Freud discovered

a. that it is therapeutic to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events.
b. that patients are unable to process emotionall charged information.
c. that hypnosis is less effective than mesmerism.
d. the existence of conscious memories.

Question 58

. In the classic case of Anna O. in 1895, neurologist Josef Breuer treated her “hysterical” symptoms by using

a. psychoanalysis.
b. hypnosis.
c. faith healing.
d. the placebo effect.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT included as part of Freud’s structure of the mind?

a. Id
b. Psyche
c. Superego
d. Ego

Question 60

The superego is to morality as the id is to:

a. pleasure principle
b. rational thought
c. mediating conflict
d. the ego

Question 61

In Freudian theory, “libido” and “thanatos” represent the two basic but opposing drives of

a. life and death.
b. sex and celibacy.
c. good and evil.
d. pleasure and pain

Question 62

You have just read a newspaper article about a savag rape and murder. You wonder how someone could commit such a horrible crime. Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that according to Freud, anyone could be a killer or rapist if impulses are not well controlled.

a. egoistic
b. phallic
c. id
d. mesmeric

Question 63

Although Freud conceptualized the libido as the life energy within the id, many people think of it as the

a. death instinct.
b. sex drive.
c. conscience.
d. Oedipal conflict

Question 64

According to psychoanalytic theory, _____ develops early in life to insure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs.

a. ego
b. superego
c. libido
d. ideal self

Question 65

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates on the “pleasure principle,” which means that it

a. pays particular attention to social rules and regulations.
b. thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner.
c. is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious.
d. utilizes secondary process thinking.

Question 66

When Johnny wanted a cookie before dinner, he thought about just going and taking one without permission. However, after thinking about it, he decided to get permission from his mom. Johnny was operating according to the principle.

a. pleasure
b. reality
c. moral
d. Oedipal

Question 67

A classmate in your psychology course is worried about the selfish and sometimes dangerous drives of his id and wonders if it will make him commit crimes. You respond by
saying that

a. each of us also develops an ego to help us behave more realistically.
b. id fantasies actually reflect the opposite of what you really want and believe.
c. scientists disproved Freud’s theories a long time ago.
d. since id impulses are usually part of the
unconsciousness, they do not manifest in real
behaviors.

Question 68

According to psychoanalytic theory, the role of the ego involves

a. counteracting the aggressive and sexual drives of the id.
b. maximizing pleasure and reducing tension.
c. mediating conflict between the id and the superego.
d. utilizing fantasy and primary process thinking.

Question 69

According to psychoanalytic theory, the conflicts between the id and the superego often lead to feelings of

a. anxiety.
b. desire.
c. depression.
d. anger.

Question 70

According to Freudian theory, anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its defense mechanisms, which function as

a. reality-based actions.
b. unconscious protective processes.
c. conscious efforts to maintain control.
d. primitive emotional responses.

Question 71

All of the following are examples of defense
mechanisms according to psychoanalytic theory EXCEPT

a. adaptation.
b. displacement.
c. repression.
d. projection.

Question 72

In which of the following defense mechanisms does an individual unconsciously block disturbing wishes, thoughts or experiences from awareness?

a. Rationalization
b. Reaction formation
c. Repression
d. Displacement

Question 73

Mrs. B received a very poor rating by her supervisor, who had been constantly criticizing her in front of her coworkers. When she got home, her kids ran up to greet her, all talking at once. Mrs. B responded by yelling, “Leave
me alone! Can’t you see I’m tired?” According to
psychoanalytic theory, this is an example of the defense mechanism known as

a. displacement.
b. projection.
c. repression.
d. rationalization.

Question 73

In which of the following defense mechanisms does an individual falsely attribute his or her own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts to another person?

a. Denial
b. Projection
c. Displacement
d. Sublimation

Question 73

Sally feels that Jane takes advantage of their friendship. Today Jane asked Sally to run an errand for her, even though Jane had time to do it herself. Rather than confront
Jane, Sally runs the errand and feels resentful. Sally’s behavior suggests she is

a. histrionic.
b. avoidant.
c. paranoid.
d. avoidant.

Question 74

A 4-year-old girl sucks her thumb, a teenager binges on food, and an adult woman bites her fingernails. According to the Freudian theory of psychosexual development, all three are fixated at the _____ stage.

a. oral
b. anal
c. phallic
d. genital

Question 75

The Oedipus complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development, is characterized by a 3- to 5-year-old boy who

a. represses his need for genital self-stimulation.
b. loves his mother but has feelings of anger and envy
toward his father.
c. loves his father but has feelings of anger and envy
toward his mother.
d. fantasizes about tragic Greek heroes.

Question 76

According to Sigmund Freud, the Electra complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development in girls, is characterized by

a. castration anxiety.
b. Oedipal conflicts.
c. penis envy.
d. latency lust.

Question 77

Borderline personality disorder, in which some
behavior “borders” on being out of touch with reality, was first associated with the ideas of

a. Otto Kernberg.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. Alfred Adler.
d. Carl Jung.

Question 78

In their theories about human nature, psychoanalysts Carl Jung and Alfred Adler both

a. regarded human nature as possessing many negative qualities.
b. were completely analogous to Freud’s ideas.
c. believed that there were no barriers to the internal and external growth of the individual.
d. emphasized a strong drive toward individual selfactualization.

Question 79

Severe internal conflicts that produce a lot of anxiety or other emotions can trigger self-defeating defensiv processes or symptoms such as

a. acute and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
b. depression or bipolar symptoms.
c. phobic or obsessive symptoms.
d. suicidal or aggressive symptoms

Question 80

In Erik Erikson’s theory of lifespan development, an individual reaches the mature stage when he or she is about ____ years old.

a. 55
b. 65
c. 75
d. 85

Question 81

Which of the following is an accurate statement about “stage” theories of development?

a. In Freudian theory, sexual arousal and interest occur
during the latency stage.
b. In Erikson’s theory, development occurs across the lifespan.
c. In Freudian theory, intrapsychic conflicts are resolved in early childhood.
d. In Fromm’s theory, culture and society influence personality.

Question 82

In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, it is important for patients to

a. keep their thoughts and feelings to themselves.
b. make eye contact with the psychoanalyst.
c. describe the content of their dreams to the analyst.
d. remain in a horizontal posture to induce emotional processing.

Question 83

Psychodynamic psychotherapy differs from classical (Freudian) psychoanalysis in that it

a. emphasizes the goal of personality reconstruction.
b. requires a long-term commitment on the part of the person being analyzed.
c. focuses on social and interpersonal issues.
d. considers past experiences important.

Question 84

The concepts of “self-actualizing” and “the hierarchy of needs” are most closely associated with the theories of

a. Abraham Maslow.
b. Carl Rogers.
c. Carl Jung.
d. Melanie Klein

Question 85

Which of the following is NOT associated with the humanistic theories of Carl Rogers?

a. Unconditional positive regard
b. Hierarchy of needs
c. Empathy
d. Person-centered therapy

Question 86

Humanistic therapists regard ____ as the single most positive influence in facilitating human growth.

a. therapist interpretation of patient verbalizations
b. relationships (including the therapeutic relationship)
c. self-esteem
d. intellectual and moral development

Question 87

The systematic development of a scientific approach to psychopathology is represented by

a. humanistic psychology.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. Jungian psychology.
d. the behavioral model.

Question 88

Which scientist felt that psychology should not use introspection or other unquantifiable methods and is considered the founder of behaviorism?

a. Edward Titchener
b. B.F. Skinner
c. John Watson
d. Ivan Pavlov

Question 89

Someone you know has been having a lot of difficulty because of irrational fears. Knowing that you are studying abnormal psychology, this person asks if you know of an effective and well-established treatment. You advise her
that ____, based on the mid-20th century work of Joseph Wolpe, is a successful anxiety reduction procedure.

a. systematic desensitization
b. person centered therapy
c. exorcism
d. aversive conditioning

Question 90

Which well-known behavioral scientist was the author of The Behavior of Organisms (1938) and Walden Two (1948)?

a. John Watson
b. Ivan Pavlov
c. B.F. Skinner
d. Edward L. Thorndike

Question 91

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, based his theories of conditioning on the results of experiments he conducted on

a. humans.
b. pigeons.
c. rats.
d. dogs.

Question 92

Mustafa was bitten by a dog when he was 5 years old. Now he is afraid of any dog he sees. His fear of dog is a(n)

a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
d. conditioned response.

Question 93

In the process of self-actualizing, emphasized in humanistic psychology, individuals

a. adopt a conditioned response to a variety of stimuli.
b. direct their own course of therapy under the guidance of a counselor.
c. strive to achieve their highest potential against life’s obstacles.
d. achieve a complete and almost unqualified acceptance of their own dysfunctions

Question 94

The continual interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences and their effect on behavior is considered

a. sociocultural.
b. psychobiological/biopsychological.
c. systematic.
d. multidimensional and integrative.

Question 95

A patient arrives in your office with a severe fear of spiders. You treat this patient by gradually introducing her to snake images, snake toys, and eventually live snakes in
order to show her that nothing bad happened in the presence of these objects. You are using the therapeutic technique called

a. cognitive therapy.
b. systematic desensitization.
c. operant conditioning.
d. multidimensional therapy

Question 96

You just adopted a puppy and want to teach it to fetch the newspaper. What approach would B. F. Skinner advise you to take it?

a. Punish the puppy each time it does not fetch the paper.
b. Give the puppy a treat each time it gets a little closer to fetching perfectly.
c. Give the puppy a treat each time it fetches perfectly and not otherwise.
d. Be patient and understand that behavior shaping occurs naturally over developmental stages.

Question 97

According to the definition of personality disorder, only individuals who show _____ patterns of maladaptive behavior should be diagnosed with a personality disorder.

a. suicidal
b. the most severe
c. relatively permanent
d. highly variable

Question 98

All of the following are necessary conditions for the diagnosis of a personality disorder EXCEPT

a. patient feelings of distress.
b. pervasive pattern of behavior.
c. maladaptive functioning.
d. chronicity

Question 99

The gender difference in the diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder has been criticized for

a. reflecting society’s inherent bias.
b. not reflecting enough of the differences between men and women.
c. being psychologists’ plot to undermine their female colleagues.
d. all of the above

Question 100

Lu believes that he is being tracked by the FBI because he is a telepathy experiment “set loose ,” and he hears messages and instructions from others from the same experiment. What disorder would he most likely have?

a. Schizotypal personality disorder
b. Schizoid personality disorder
c. Paranoid personality disorder
d. Schizophrenia

Question 101

Unlike schizophrenia or an eating disorder, personality disorders can be viewed as disorders of

a. biology rather than learning.
b. learning rather than disease.
c. degree rather than kind.
d. functioning rather than disease

Question 102

Clinicians who view personality disorders as extremes of normal personality rather than as ____ have criticized the way the DSM classifies personality disorders.

a. medical conditions
b. biologically based traits
c. separate categories of disorders
d. impaired functioning

Question 103

Some have proposed that the personality
disorders be replaced or supplemented by a dimensional model in which individuals would be rated on a series of personality dimensions as well as a categorical diagnosis. It is believed that this would have advantages over a purely
categorical system. Which of the following would be such an advantage?

a. It would retain more information about each individual.
b. It would be more flexible.
c. It would avoid arbitrary decisions involved in
assignment to a diagnostic category.
d. All of the above

Question 104

The five-factor model of personality includes all of the following as personality dimensions EXCEPT

a. expressiveness.
b. extroversion.
c. conscientiousness.
d. agreeableness

Question 105

What is one advantage of the categorical system over the dimensional system when it comes to classifying and diagnosing personality disorders?

a. Convenience
b. Accuracy
c. Communicability
d. It is better as a prognostic tool

Question 106

DSM-IV-TR divides personality disorders into ____ distinct clusters.

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Question 107

DSM-5 personality disorders are grouped into three clusters. Which of the following most accurately represents the three clusters?

a. Odd or eccentric; dangerous or inconsistent; shy, uncommunicative, or withdrawn
b. Shy, uncommunicative, or withdrawn; anxious or fearful; dangerous or inconsistent
c. Shy or withdrawn; dramatic, emotional, or erratic; bizarre or thought-disordered
d. Odd or eccentric; dramatic, emotional, or erratic; anxious or fearful

Question 108

In the world, the prevalence of personality
disorders is estimated to be approximately _____ percent.

a. 0.5
b. 2
c. 6
d. 11

Question 109

The characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop with

a. rapid onset in late adolescence
b. gradual onset in adulthood.
c. rapid onset in adulthood.
d. onset in childhood that is difficult to pinpoint.

Question 110

According to your textbook, the main reason that we do not have sufficient research examining the development of personality disorders is that

a. many individuals do not seek treatment in the early phases of these disorders.
b. there is insufficient research funding for these disorders, due to relative lack of public awareness.
c. sophisticated research methods are necessary to study disorders that are so ingrained in personality.
d. all of these are cited as key contributors to the lack of sufficient research.

Question 111

The Scientific Method is:

a. interdisciplinary
b. useful in studying personality disorders
c. can study normal and abnormal behaviors
d. all of the above

Question 112

Research suggests that the gender differences
observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders may be due to

a. genetic differences.
b. gender-specific learned behavior patterns.
c. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician.
d. cultural scripts that dictate the type of disordered behavior appropriate for each gender.

Question 113

A woman demonstrating a high degree of Western “stereotypical female” traits might well be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder. Which of the following would probably occur if a man demonstrated very
stereotypical masculine traits?

a. He would be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
b. He would be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder.
c. He would be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.
d. He probably would not be diagnosed with any personality disorder.

Question 114

The diagnosis of more than one personality disorder in an individual patient is

a. common.
b. impossible unless the person suffers from dissociative identity disorder..
c. rare.
d. only possible for personality disorders in the same DSM-5 cluster.

Question 115

Gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders may be due to

a. tolerance of behavior in a culture.
b. differences in help-seeking behavior.
c. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician.
d. all of the above.

Question 116

Max is always sure that others are trying to harm him. His perception that the world is a threatening place impacts most of his life. Most likely, Max would be diagnosed with the personality disorder called

a. histrionic.
b. avoidant.
c. paranoid.
d. antisocial.

Question 117

An individual requesting treatment at a mental health clinic keeps talking about how gangsters are “out to get him.” Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, we must determine whether

a. his fears are justified.
b. his family life is stable.
c. he has ever attempted suicide..
d. he avoids socialization.

Question 118

The language barrier of refugees from other countries and people with hearing impairments may make these individuals particularly susceptible to

a. histrionic personality disorder.
b. paranoid personality disorder.
c. schizotypal personality disorder.
d. schizoid personality disorder.

Question 119

You are waiting to board a plane when you hear that the flight has been delayed due to a passing thunderstorm. The man sitting next to you says, “Passing thunderstorm, sure! That’s Jim again, he’s been doing everything to make
me miss this meeting because he’s trying to get me fired!” Of the following, this statement would be most consistent with _____ personality disorder.

a. avoidant
b. histrionic
c. borderline
d. paranoid

Question 120

One of the greatest challenges for any therapist treating an individual with paranoid personality disorder is in

a. understanding the patient’s belief system.
b. earning the patient’s trust.
c. convincing the patient to talk about his or her beliefs.
d. getting the patient to speak clearly.

Question 121

The data regarding treatment outcome for individuals with paranoid personality disorder

a. indicate clients do not remain in therapy long enough for treatment success.
b. suggest that treatment can only be successful if the patient remains in therapy for a minimum of one year.
c. indicate that cognitive therapy is effective in most cases.
d. demonstrate that strict behavioral approaches are effective.

Question 122

Theo is quite a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone, and appears indifferent to other people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any obviously unusual ways, nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Of the following personality disorders, Theo appears to be

a. avoidant.
b. antisocial.
c. schizotypal.
d. schizoid.

Question 123

An individual who goes through life as a loner with no motivation to interact with others but with relatively normal behavior and beliefs is likely to be diagnosed with ____ personality disorder.

a. histrionic
b. narcissistic
c. schizoid
d. paranoid

Question 124

One prevalent outcome for individuals with schizoid personality disorder is

a. homelessness.
b. drug abuse.
c. eating disorders.
d. anxiety.

Question 125

According to the DSM-5, cluster A groups which of the following personality disorders?

a. Borderline, compulsive, psychotic
b. Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
c. Avoidant,dependent,obsessive-compulsive
d. Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic

Question 126

Patients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder

a. often request treatment and generally make progress quickly.
b. often request treatment but generally make little progress.
c. rarely request treatment except in response to a crisis.
d. rarely request treatment but generally make progress quickly while in therapy.

Question 127

Individuals who are socially isolated, behave in ways that seem unusual, tend to be suspicious, and have odd beliefs are generally diagnosed with ____ personality disorder.

a. Schizotypal
b. Schizoid
c. Paranoid
d. multiple

Question 128

Individuals who have “ideas of reference” but who sense that these beliefs are probably unrealistic are generally diagnosed with ____ personality disorder.

a. schizotypal
b. paranoid
c. antisocial
d. histrionic

Question 129

According to the textbook, a possible cause of
schizotypal personality disorder is

a. genetic.
b. environmental.
c. brain abnormalities.
d. all of the above

Question 130

Hideki has been diagnosed with schizotypal
personality disorder and has begun psychotherapy. Since he is willing to undergo a combined treatment approach, the result

a. is excellent since most patients seeking treatment eventually are symptom free.
b. may be a reduction in symptoms or postponement of schizophrenia.
c. is excellent only if he is willing to take medication.
d. is poor since most patients go on to develop
schizophrenia.

Question 131

The personality disorder that shares many similar symptoms with schizophrenia is

a. schizoid.
b. paranoid.
c. borderline.
d. schizotypal.

Question 132

According to the textbook, the most likely cause of schizotypal personality disorder is

a. poor parenting.
b. social modeling.
c. biological.
d. isolation during childhood.

Question 133

As many as 30 to 50% of the individuals with
schizotypal personality disorder who request clinical help also meet the criteria for

a. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b. substance disorder.
c. anorexia.
d. major depressive disorder

Question 134

Marie has a history of being arrested for arson and shows no remorse for her destructive actions; Marion has a perfect legal record, but often manipulates her friends to get what she wants and doesn’t feel guilt when she hurts
their feelings. Marie most likely has ____, while Marion most likely has ____.

a. schizoid personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder; schizoid personality disorder
c. psychopathy; antisocial personality disorder
d. antisocial personality disorder; psychopathy

Question 135

Steve steals money from his friends and family, lies to get what he wants, and often hurts others with no sign of guilt or remorse. Steve would most likely be diagnosed with ____ personality disorder.

a. paranoid
b. histrionic
c. antisocial
d. narcissistic

Question 136

The most accurate statement regarding antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy is that they

a. are similar in almost every way except that psychopaths are criminals.
b. completely different populations.
c. overlap in some features but not all.
d. are just different names for the same features.

Question 137

With which of the following personality disorders is the term psychopath closely associated? ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
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a. Schizotypal
b. Schizoid
c. Paranoid
d. Antisocial

Question 138

One difference between a psychopath and perso with antisocial personality disorder is that _ are used in diagnosing the psychopath, but are used to diagnose antisocial personality disorder.

a. personality traits; observable behaviors
b. observable behaviors; personality traits
c. clinical judgments; objective test scores
d. medical criteria; psychological assessments

Question 139

An adult diagnosed with antisocial personality
disorder is most likely to have met the criteria for _ as a child.

a. autism
b. conduct disorder
c. a learning disability
d. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 140

Rob is a 13-year-old boy who has been repeatedly arrested for theft and assault. In addition to shoplifting and other theft, he has been caught stealing money from his
parents’ wallets and his young sister’s piggy bank. Rob shows no guilt or remorse for the many ways that he hurt others. Rob’s current diagnosis is most likely

a. antisocial personality disorder.
b. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
c. conduct disorder.
d. narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 141

The research examining the cause of antisocial
personality disorder suggests that
|
a. the primary cause is genetics.
b. genetics and environment interact to cause the disorder.
c. the primary cause is poor parenting.
d. there is no evidence of either a genetic or environmental cause.

Question 142

According to the DSM-5, cluster B groups which of the following personality disorders?

a. Borderline, compulsive, psychotic
b. Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
c. Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
d. Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic

Question 143

Which of the following are the two major theories that have been proposed to explain antisocial personality disorder?

a. Underarousal and fearlessness
b. Underarousal and shamelessness
c. Overarousal and fearlessness
d. Overarousal and shamelessness

Question 144

Which of the following prevention strategies looks promising for children who are at risk for later antisocial personality disorder?

a. A training program for parents of toddlers (ages 1½ to 2½ years)
b. A program for families with a high degree of family dysfunction
c. A program for families where at least one parent has a history of antisocial personality disorder
d. All of the above

Question 145

According to the underarousal hypothesis, individuals with antisocial personality disorder may engage in their characteristic behaviors as a way to

a. deal with their fears.
b. provide a level of stimulation that most of us receive from more typical behaviors.
c. provide a sense of relief from the feelings of
depression that they experience when they are not highly aroused.
d. reduce the generally high level of arousal that they feel.

Question 146

The concept of the fearlessness hypothesis of
antisocial personality disorder is that individuals with this disorder

a. learn to avoid punishment.
b. have an underactive cortex.
c. under-react to the threat of punishment
d. have brain damage that inhibits their ability to understand the implications of their actions.

Question 147

One prominent theory of antisocial personality
disorder suggests that the behaviors are caused by an imbalance between the brain’s

a. behavioral inhibition system and fight-or-flight system.
b. fight-or-flight system and reward system.
c. cortical stimulation system and behavioral inhibition system.
d. behavioral inhibition system and reward system

Question 148

If you had absolutely no concept or fear of the
consequences of your actions (for yourself or others) and were overly motivated by pleasing yourself, you mightbehave like a person with _ personality disorder.

a. antisocial
b. narcissistic
c. histrionic
d. schizotypal

Question 149

Some research with psychopaths suggests that these individuals are

a. more likely to quit trying as soon as failure appears imminent.
b. less likely to attempt difficult goals.
c. more likely to keep trying even though failure is certain.
d. less likely to be motivated towards a goal.

Question 150

One of the contributing factors in the developmental history of individuals with antisocial personality disorder appears to be that their parents were more likely to have
utilized

a. firm discipline.
b. inconsistent discipline.
c. an overprotective parenting style.
d. physical discipline.

Question 151

The criminal behavior of those diagnosed with
antisocial personality disorder tends to

a. continue to increase throughout the lifespan.
b. increase dramatically at about age 30.
c. decline significantly around age 40.
d. remain stable throughout the lifespan

Question 152

One of the major problems with treating people with personality disorders is

a. they rarely identify themselves as needing treatment.
b. research suggests that the disorders are almost entirely based in biology and therefore difficult to treat interpersonally..
c. personality disorders are so rare that there is very little research on their treatment.
d. they are extremely unpredictable and difficult to manage in therapy sessions.

Question 153

Which of the following is an accurate statement
regarding the treatment of antisocial personality disorder and related antisocial behaviors?

a. Patients are generally willing participants in their therapy.
b. Most patients refer to themselves for treatment because they recognize that they have a problem.
c. There has been greater success in reducing antisocial behavior in children than in adults.
d. Therapy is successful in about half of the cases treated.

Question 154

According to the DSM-5, the features of antisocial personality disorder include

a. instances of physical cruelty to animals.
b. an attitude of entitlement toward fulfilling expectations.
c. a demonstrated impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
d. episodes of inappropriate, intense anger.

Question 155

. Lenny is 25 years old and has had multiple arrests for assaults, theft, and drug use . He has hurt strangers, friends, and family and has never shown any remorse or regret. Following his last arrest, Lenny met with a social worker who told him about antisocial personality disorder; he is now convinced that that is “what’s wrong” with him. Lenny recently went to a local community mental health center and asked to be treated by a psychotherapist. The problem with this story is that

a. individuals with antisocial personality disorder do not generally seek treatment.
b. Lenny has misdiagnosed himself, since his behaviors are more typical of conduct disorder.
c. the drug use does not fit the pattern of antisocial personality disorder.
d. the description does not fit any known personality disorder.

Question 156

Which of the following statements is true about
borderline personality disorder?

a. It is observed in every culture and seen in about 5% of the population.
b. Emotional dysfunction is one of the best predictors of suicide in this group.
c. Long-term outcomes are discouraging, with many relapsing within five years.
d. A high number, almost 12%, succeed at suicide.

Question 157

The personality disorder characterized by extreme instability in behavior and emotion, impulsivity, depression, and self-injurious behaviors is ____ personality disorder.

a. narcissistic
b. borderline
c. dependent
d. histrionic

Question 158

Nicole has difficulty maintaining relationships because she goes back and forth from being a best friend to hating people in her life. Her romantic relationships are always characterized by incredible loving passion alternating with
episodes of horrible fighting, and sometimes she becomes violent. At times, Nicole becomes so upset that she cuts herself and reports that this makes her feel better emotionally. Nicole suffers from _ personality disorder.

a. dependent
b. histrionic
c. borderline
d. narcissistic

Question 159

All of the following are common disorders that tend to be comorbid with borderline personality disorder EXCEPT

a. depression.
b. substance abuse.
c. bulimia.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 160

The approximate percentage of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder who also have a substance related disorder is almost _ %

a. 10
b. 40
c. 70
d. 100

Question 161

One of the influences that has been associated with the development of borderline personality disorder is

a. a history of child abuse or neglect.
b. a developmental delay for major milestones (i.e.,walking, talking).
c. parental alcoholism.
d. deficits in neurotransmitter circuits involving dopamine.

Question 162

When presented with words projected on a computer screen, individuals with borderline personality disorder are more likely than individuals without the disorder to remember the word

a. celebrate.
b. abandon.
c. death.
d. charming.

Question 163

Childhood trauma as a cause of borderline personality disorder may be too simplistic an explanation because

a. There are too many neurological deficits that are noted in borderline personality disorder patients.
b. individuals with borderline personality disorder tend to respond to SSRI medications.
c. Most individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are female.
d. a significant percentage of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder do not have a history of childhood trauma.

Question 164

Which of the following is the most likely model to explain the cause of borderline personality disorder?

a. Biological
b. Early trauma resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms that are not recognized or dealt with during childhood
c. Stressful life events
d. Biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and later life stressors

Question 165

Research regarding psychological treatment for
borderline personality disorder suggests that _ appears helpful in improving mood and reducing suicidal and selfinjurious behaviors.

a. dialectical behavior therapy
b. cognitive therapy
c. operant conditioning
d. nothing

Question 166

The psychological treatment that has been found to have significant effectiveness in helping patients with borderline personality disorder centers on

a. regressing patients to the time in their lives when they experienced trauma.
b. removing the reinforcing attention that they have received for their disordered behavior in the past.
c. enrolling them in a 12-step program such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
d. learning to cope with life stressors in a more effective manner.

Question 167

Individuals who overreact to everything and are overly dramatic and vain are most likely to be diagnosed with personality disorder.

a. borderline
b. histrionic
c. narcissistic
d. dependent

Question 168

Amy quickly becomes the center of attention when she enters a room. She is a tall and attractive young woman who generally wears something striking. Amy is known as a flirt and acts in a seductive manner around men. When
Amy speaks, she uses very exaggerated terms, even when describing relatively ordinary situations. Amy’s diagnosis
is most likely _ personality disorder.

a. histrionic
b. narcissistic
c. borderline
d. dependent

Question 169

When Axel arrives late for class, he walks in with a grand entrance and apologizes to the professor and the students in class. He proceeds to tell them he had every intention of being at class on time, but the traffic was
terrible and many accidents occurred, which delayed him. Axel describes this in much exaggerated detail before he takes his seat. This commonly happens every time he is
late. Axel could be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

a. Histrionic
b. Narcissistic
c. Borderline
d. Borderline

Question 170

According to your text, the most accurate statement regarding the treatment of histrionic personality disorder is that

a. There are no scientific studies demonstrating success.
b. Patients who voluntarily attend therapy tend to get better.
c. strict behavioral programs have been shown to be effective in scientific research.
d. cognitive therapy is most effective

Question 171

One of the likely problems a therapist may encounter while trying to help a patient with histrionic personality disorder is the patient’s

a. unwillingness to admit there is a problem.
b. use of threatening language.
c. lack of intellectual ability necessary to succeed in therapy.
d. manipulative use of crying, charm, or seductive behavior.

Question 172

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by

a. preoccupation with other people.
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b. obsession with keeping things neat and orderly.
c. thinking of oneself as deserving of special treatment.
d. pathological dishonesty.

Question 173

People with narcissistic personality disorder display all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

a. exploitation of others.
b. happiness because they receive the adulation of others.
c. demands for special attention.
d. feelings of grandiosity.

Question 174

Which of the following statements is true about
narcissistic personality disorder?

a. This disorder is on the decline in Western societies.
b. Reports of treatment success are limited.
c. Recently there has been a great deal of research on this disorder.
d. All of the above

Question 175

Vince is extremely impressed with himself. Although he has only achieved a moderate amount of success, he thinks of himself as being uniquely special and deserving
of the best of everything. Vince fantasizes frequently about great wealth and fame and does not really pay much attention to other people except to note how they react to
him. Vince would most likely be diagnosed with _ personality disorder.

a. antisocial
b. histrionic
c. narcissistic
d. dependent

Question 176

One reason why individuals with narcissistic
personality disorder tend to become depressed at times is
that they

a. become upset when their intimate relationships fail.
b. seldom live up to their unrealistic expectations of themselves.
c. are overly sensitive to the pain of others.
d. don’t think they will achieve success in life.

Question 177

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Recent research is refining the search for genes that cause antisocial personality disorder.
b. Recent research on brain damage indicates that brain damage is found in psychopaths.
c. Recent research on neuropsychological tests indicates that psychopaths score equally as well as nonpsychopaths.
d. None of the above is true.

Question 178

Which of the following statements accurately
describes treatment for narcissistic personality disorder?

a. Narcissistic personality disorder treatment is often combined with treatment for severe depressive episodes
b. The treatment is often focused on the patient’s grandiosity and hypersensitivity.
c. Cognitive therapy aimed at replacing the patient’s hedonistic fantasies with day-to-day pleasurable
experiences that are truly attainable are a focus of the treatment.
d. All of these

Question 179

All of the following are mentioned in your text as appropriate treatment strategies for narcissistic personality disorder EXCEPT
a. cognitive therapy to replace grandiose fantasies with more realistic goals.
b. coping strategies to help accept criticism.
c. exploration of early life trauma that led to the disorder.
d. being helped to focus on the feelings of others

Question 180

The reason that individuals with avoidant personality disorder avoid most relationships is that they

a. are extremely sensitive to the opinions of others and fear rejection.
b. generally dislike other people and prefer to be alone.
c. are so stimulated by the fantasy life in their own minds that they have little need for the company of others.
d. experience bizarre thoughts and beliefs that distance them from others.

Question 181

Without understanding the thought process
motivating the patient’s behavior, it would probably be impossible to determine whether a patient had _ personality disorder or _ personality disorder.

a. narcissistic; antisocial
b. dependent; narcissistic
c. borderline; histrionic
d. schizoid; avoidant

Question 182

Individuals who keep to themselves because they are anxious and fearful of rejection are likely to be diagnosed with _ personality disorder.

a. avoidant
b. schizoid
c. schizotypal
d. antisocial

Question 183

When asked about their childhood, individuals
diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder tend to remember their parents as

a. warm and loving.
b. substance abusing.
c. rejecting.
d. depressed.

Question 184

Of the following, the most accurate statement with regard to the treatment of avoidant personality disorder is that

a. no well-controlled studies of treatment outcomes have been conducted.|
b. there are well-controlled studies, though none show any treatment success.
c. individuals with this disorder are seldom sufficiently motivated to succeed in treatment.
d. behavioral intervention programs for anxiety and social skills have had some success.

Question 185

In Jill’s psychotherapy sessions, the therapist has been using systematic desensitization to gradually make her more comfortable with social situations. Similar to the treatments used for individuals with social phobia, the therapist has given Jill homework assignments that require her to practice talking to strangers, join informal groups, and speak in front of small groups. Most likely, she is being treated for ____ personality disorder.

a. avoidant
b. dependent
c. Antisocial
d. histrionic

Question 186

The personality disorder characterized by
unreasonable fear of abandonment, fear of being rejected, avoidance of disagreement, inability to make decisions for oneself, and clinging behavior is _ personality disorder.

a. dependent
b. avoidant
c. schizoid
d. histrionic

Question 187

Harold lives with his mother with whom he is very close and agrees with everything she says. When he started seeing a young woman and the relationship became serious, his mother convinced him that his girlfriend was not good enough for him, so Harold stopped the relationship. He has two close friends who have been his friend since they met in kindergarten. Whenever they do something, it is always one of his friends who decides what they do. Harold just follows along. Harold likely suffers
from ____ personality disorder.

a. dependent
b. avoidant
c. schizoid
d. histrionic

Question 188

Mary has been married for 20 years and describes how her husband has been verbally abusive toward her for most of that time. She indicates that her husband has had multiple affairs with other women but she can’t leave him because she “loves and needs him.” When challenged by the interviewer regarding the wisdom of staying with such a man, Mary agrees with the interviewer, although she later
confides that she always agrees with everyone to avoid conflict and disapproval. Mary should be diagnosed with _ personality disorder.

a. Avoidant
b. Histrionic
c. Dependent
d. borderline

Question 189

In terms of feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to
criticism, and need for reassurance, individuals with personality disorder and _ personality disorders are quite similar.

a. dependent; avoidant
b. dependent; schizoid
c. schizoid; avoidant
d. histrionic; antisocial

Question 190

Individuals who have excessive feelings of social inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and a need for reassurance are likely to develop either _ personality disorder or _ personality disorder.

a. narcissistic; antisocial
b. dependent; narcissistic
c. avoidant; dependent
d. antisocial; histrionic

Question 191

According to your text, treatment of dependent
personality disorder is

a. generally successful with a cognitive-behavioral approach.
b. well researched, though no effective treatments have been established.
c. successful when based on systematic desensitization and social skills training.
d. problematic because the patient’s submissiveness often negates one of the major goals of the therapy.

Question 192

When individuals with dependent personality disorder are in therapy, they are

a. seemingly “model” patients.
b. resistant to the therapeutic process.
c. too unstable to do the intellectual work that therapy requires.
d. demanding and impulsive

Question 193

When working with a patient diagnosed with
dependent personality disorder, the therapist must be particularly careful that the patient does not

a. take over the agenda of the sessions.
b. become inconsistent in attending sessions.
c. manipulate the therapist by being overly dramatic.
d. become overly dependent on the therapist.

Question 194

Helen has been in therapy with Dr. Block for dependent personality disorder for the past three years. When she first came to therapy, she was in an abusive marriage and complained that her adult children treated her poorly and that people in her life “walked all over her.” Helen has attended therapy religiously, been a “model” patient, and
generally done everything that Dr. Block has suggested. At this time in her life, she is divorced, more assertive with her children, and generally feeling better about herself. Her current therapy sessions are often centered on everyday ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY @z_rpmcutieee @bona_rpm2023 @Frissonace @sikeolohija @bloomypurple @akosigengarrr
decisions for which she anxiously seeks Dr. Block’s advice The most appropriate next therapy step is

a. immediate termination.
b. working to reduce Helen’s reliance on Dr. Block.
c. a behavioral plan to increase Helen’s socialization.
d. exploration of the issues that made Helen seek therapy initially.

Question 195

According to the DSM-5, the features of dependent personality disorder include

a. difficulty expressing disagreement.
b. an attitude of entitlement toward fulfilling expectations.
c. being easily influenced by others or circumstances.
d. episodes of inappropriate, intense anger.

Question 196

The personality disorder that is characterized by an insistence that things have to be done “the right way” is _ personality disorder.

a. antisocial
b. avoidant
c. paranoid
d. obsessive-compulsive

Question 197

A recent theory suggests that the psychological
profiles of many serial killers point to the role of which psychological disorder?

a. Schizophrenia
b. Antisocial personality disorder
c. Delusional disorder
d. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 198

Of the following, the most accurate statement
regarding the cause of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is that it appears to

a. have a weak genetic contribution to the disorder.
b. be found in those individuals with a strong
predisposition toward structure in their lives.
c. require parental reinforcement of conformity and neatness.
d. all of the above.

Question 199

Henry is viewed by many as a workaholic and not very social. He is at his desk every morning at 7:30 a.m. and takes a few breaks (although these breaks are always at the same time every day). Henry is known to be a perfectionist.
The problem is that he does not seem to get much accomplished, since he spends so much time making sure that everything is perfect before moving on to the next task. Henry appears to suffer from _ personality disorder.

a. avoidant
b. obsessive-compulsive
c. schizoid
d. antisocial

Question 200

One of the major differences between individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessivecompulsive disorder is that patients with the personality
disorder generally

a. have more obsessive thoughts.
b. show more compulsive and ritualistic behaviors.
c. do not have obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
d. have more insight into their problems

Question 201

One unusual finding discussed in your text is that _ personality disorder may have played a role in the behavior
of several serial killers.

a. narcissistic
b. antisocial
c. obsessive-compulsive
d. schizotypal

Question 202

Of the following, the most accurate statement
regarding the research for treatment of obsessivecompulsive personality disorder is that

a. well-controlled research suggests the use of a highly structured behavioral program can be effective with motivated patients.

b. well-controlled research suggests the use of cognitivebehavioral treatment.

c. the great deal of research that has been conducted indicates there are currently no effective treatments.

d. cognitive-behavioral therapy that uses distraction techniques appears to be an effective treatment.

Question 203

In the categorical vs. dimensional classification
debate, supporters of the dimensional view of personality disorders believe this system is superior because

a. there is too much overlap among the symptoms of the different disorders.
b. the clusters help to categorize but are not based on scientific evidence.
c. there is high comorbidity among personality disorders.
d. all of the above.