DP Mockboard REFRESHER (FINALIZED) (12/3/23) Flashcards
Ms. Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm
I. Development is positive.
II. Development happens from birth to death.
III. Development does not take a lifespan perspective.
IV. Developmental psychology is not interested in the development of personality & social relationships of an individual.
Which among the statements above is inaccurate?
a. I only
b. I & II only
c. I, II, & III only
d. I, II, III, & IV
d. I, II, III, & IV
This is the period of lifespan in which an individual transitions from being an adolescent to an adult.
a. Young adulthood
b. Emerging adulthood
c. Liminality phase
d. Rites of passage
b. Emerging adulthood
When Travis was inside his mother’s womb, his mother continuously drank alcohol which led him to have a fetal alcohol syndrome when he was born. This is considered as a part of his:
a. Nature
b. Range of restriction
c. Nurture
d. Canalization
c. Nurture
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a. Nature: This refers to the influence of genetic inheritance and other biological factors on development.
b. Range of restriction: This term is not commonly used in developmental theory. It might refer to the limits within which development can occur based on genetic or environmental constraints.
c. Nurture: This refers to the influence of environmental factors, such as upbringing, education, and social experiences, on development.
d. Canalization: This refers to the extent to which development is constrained or directed along certain pathways, often due to genetic factors, leading to uniform outcomes regardless of environmental variability.
Theorists with this perspective as a result of our biological inheritance and early life experiences.
a. Continuity
b. Discontinuity
c. Change
d. Stability
d. Stability
This perspective emphasizes the enduring influence of genetics and early experiences on an individual’s development throughout life.
————
a. Continuity: This perspective suggests that development is a gradual, continuous process without distinct stages. Changes are seen as cumulative and quantitative.
b. Discontinuity: This perspective views development as occurring in distinct stages, with qualitative changes happening at each stage.
c. Change: This perspective focuses on the idea that individuals can undergo significant changes throughout their lifespan due to experiences and interactions with their environment.
Who among the following has a shorter life expectancy?
a. Males
b. Females
c. Both
d. None
a. Males
Andrew lost his parents in a car crash when he was 10 years old, this caused him to mature a lot faster than his peers. Such experience is considered as:
a. Normative age-graded
b. Nonnormative age-graded
c. Nonnormative
d. Normative history-graded
c. Nonnormative
At the age of 16 years old, Linette and Jerem decided to build a family of their own. Their first child was a lively baby boy named Jayps. This is a depiction of:
a. Nonnormative age-graded
b. Normative
c. Normative age-graded
d. Nonnormative
d. Nonnormative
Von, a 85-year old man, is now having a hard time walking because of the decline in his physical abilities and due to his weak bones. He now has to rely on a wheel chair to move around with the help of his family. This shows what principle of development?
a. Development is multidirectional.
b. Development is lifelong.
c. The influence of biology & culture shift over the lifespan.
d. Development involves changes in resource allocations.
c. The influence of biology & culture shift over the lifespan.
This principle highlights how biological factors, such as aging and physical decline, increasingly impact development in later life stages. It also reflects the role of cultural factors, such as family support and the use of assistive devices, in adapting to these changes.
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Here are the meanings of each principle of development:
a. Development is multidirectional: Development involves both growth and decline, with some abilities improving while others may diminish over time. Different aspects of development can progress in different directions at various points in life.
b. Development is lifelong: Development continues throughout the entire lifespan, from birth to old age, with each stage of life bringing its own developmental changes and challenges.
c. The influence of biology & culture shift over the lifespan: The relative impact of biological and cultural factors on development changes as people age. For example, genetic factors may have a stronger influence in early life, while cultural and environmental factors may become more significant later on.
d. Development involves changes in resource allocations: Throughout life, individuals allocate their time, energy, and resources differently depending on their needs and goals. This can involve prioritizing different aspects of life, such as education, career, family, or leisure, at different stages.
Linette used to have a hard time lifting weights in the gym, however due to her consistency and practice, she now does it with ease. This shows what principle of development?
a. Development is multidirectional
b. Development shows plasticity
c. Development involves changes in resource allocations.
d. Development is multidimensional
b. Development shows plasticity
Plasticity refers to the capacity for change in response to positive or negative life experiences and practice, indicating that abilities and skills can be improved with effort and time.
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a. Development is multidirectional: This principle states that development involves both growth and decline, with different abilities and characteristics improving or deteriorating at various points in the lifespan. For example, cognitive skills might improve with experience while physical abilities might decline with age.
b. Development shows plasticity: This principle highlights the capacity for change in response to positive or negative experiences. It suggests that individuals can develop new skills or improve existing ones through practice and that they can adapt to new circumstances.
c. Development involves changes in resource allocations: This principle suggests that throughout life, individuals must decide how to allocate their time, energy, and resources. These allocations change as priorities shift, such as focusing on education during youth and on health or leisure in older age.
d. Development is multidimensional: This principle means that development occurs across multiple domains, including physical, cognitive, social, and emotional areas. Each of these domains interacts with and influences the others throughout a person’s life.
Yel wanted to know the age differences between young adults & middle adults when it comes to job satisfaction. In order to do that, he took a sample of each age cohort and gave them a job satisfaction scale at the same time. What kind of research design did Yel use?
a. Longitudinal
b. Cross sectional
c. Correlational
d. Sequential
b. Cross sectional
If you are using a longitudinal study, which of the following should you be wary of?
a. Attrition
b. Cohort effects
c. Age effects
d. Generational effects
a. Attrition
Attrition refers to the loss of participants over time, which can affect the validity and reliability of the study’s findings. As participants drop out, the remaining sample may become less representative of the original population, leading to biased results.
“Eh mali talaga ‘yang ginawa ni Dio, kasi sabi ng batas natin dito sa Pilipinas mali ang pagnanakaw, kahit pa sabihin nating para ‘yan sa kapatid niyang gutom na gutom na,” Jae said after he was asked about his opinion on what Dio did. His statement shows that he is in what stage of moral development according to Kohlberg?
a. Stage 2
b. Stage 3
c. Stage 4
d. Stage 5
c. Stage 4
Because for him, Law is Law
——
Stg1: Obedience and Punishment
Stg2: Individualism and Exchange
Stg3: Good Girl/Good Boy
Stg4: Law is Law
Stg5: Human needs > Law
Stg6: Own moral standards > Law
“Ako naman para sa akin, okay lang yung ginawa ni Dio. I mean, oo sabi ng batas bawal ‘yon, pero hindi ba’t mas mahalaga ang well-being at kalusugan ng kapatid niya? Mas masama siguro siyang tao kung papabayaan niya lang ang kapatid niya,” Kimmy retorted as a response to Jerem’s callous statement. From this statement, we can infer that Kimmy has reached what stage of moral reasoning?
a. Stage 3
b. Stage 4
c. Stage 5
d. Stage 6
c. Stage 5
Because for her Human Needs > Law
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Stg1: Obedience and Punishment
Stg2: Individualism and Exchange
Stg3: Good Girl/Good Boy
Stg4: Law is Law
Stg5: Human needs > Law
Stg6: Own moral standards > Law
Jerem accidentally broke the 10 plates that he was carrying because the floor was slippery. On the other hand, Arvin’s mother didn’t allow him to go outside and play with his friends because he is not yet done eating his lunch, that’s why he was having a tantrum and threw his plate on the floor breaking it. If you have a heteronomous moral reasoning, who should be punished?
a. Jerem
b. Arvin
c. Both Jerem & Arvin
d. No one
a. Jerem
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(HM-SM)
Heteronomous Morality = Severity of Movement
(AM-IM)
Autonomous Morality = Intention and Motivation
Jerem accidentally broke the 10 plates that he was carrying because the floor was slippery. On the other hand, Arvin’s mother didn’t allow him to go outside and play with his friends because he is not yet done eating his lunch, that’s why he was having a tantrum and threw his plate on the floor breaking it. If you have a heteronomous moral reasoning, who should be punished?
Based on the vignette on the item above, if you have autonomous moral reasoning, who do you think should be punished?
a. Jerem
b. Arvin
c. Both Jerem & Arvin
d. No one
b. Arvin
———
(HM-SM)
Heteronomous Morality = Severity of Movement
(AM-IM)
Autonomous Morality = Intention and Motivation
“Mama, please feed my doll. She’s hungry.” This shows:
a. Egocentrism
b. Artificialism
c. Animism
d. Theory of mind
c. Animism
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a. Egocentrism: The tendency to view the world solely from one’s own perspective, without considering the viewpoints of others.
b. Artificialism: The belief that natural phenomena are created by humans or by some other conscious entity, rather than occurring naturally.
c. Animism: The belief that inanimate objects, such as dolls or toys, have lifelike qualities, thoughts, feelings, and intentions.
d. Theory of mind: The understanding that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that may be different from one’s own.
Based on the statement above, we could infer that the child is in what stage of cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Concrete Operational
c. Pre-operational
d. Formal Operational
c. Pre-operational
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Sensorimotor: The stage occurring from birth to about 2 years old, during which infants learn about the world through their senses and actions.
Pre-operational: The stage occurring from about 2 to 7 years old, during which children develop language and symbolic thinking but still lack logical reasoning.
Concrete Operational: The stage occurring from about 7 to 11 years old, during which children develop logical thinking and can understand concrete events and concepts.
Formal Operational: The stage occurring from about 11 years old and onward, during which individuals develop abstract thinking and can use logic to solve problems and think about hypothetical situations.
Gelu, a 5-year-old child, noticed that whenever the sun rises in the morning the roosters in their neighborhood also crow. That is why she concluded that it is the roosters that causes the sun to rise. What kind of reasoning does Gelu have?
a. Transitive reasoning
b. Inductive reasoning
c. Deductive reasoning
d. Transductive reasoning
d. Transductive reasoning
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a. Transitive reasoning: The ability to recognize relationships between objects or ideas based on their relationships with others. For example, if A is greater than B, and B is greater than C, then A is greater than C.
b. Inductive reasoning: Specific to General. It involves drawing conclusions from patterns observed in specific instances.
c. Deductive reasoning: General to Specific. It involves applying established rules or principles to reach a logical conclusion.
d. Transductive reasoning: This term is not commonly used in mainstream cognitive psychology or developmental psychology. However, it typically refers to a type of reasoning where a child makes connections between events or objects based on superficial similarities rather than logical relationships.
At what stage of cognitive development are you if you are now capable of thinking hypothetically and abstractly?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operational
d. Formal operational
d. Formal operational
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Sensorimotor: The stage occurring from birth to about 2 years old, during which infants learn about the world through their senses and actions.
Pre-operational: The stage occurring from about 2 to 7 years old, during which children develop language and symbolic thinking but still lack logical reasoning.
Concrete Operational: The stage occurring from about 7 to 11 years old, during which children develop logical thinking and can understand concrete events and concepts.
Formal Operational: The stage occurring from about 11 years old and onward, during which individuals develop abstract thinking and can use logic to solve problems and think about hypothetical situations.
“Nah, okay lang na mag-engage kami sa pre-marital sex ng boyfriend ko. We are not like the others, hindi ako magiging teenage mother,”Andrea, a 17-year-old girl, told her friends when she was reminded by them. Andrea is exhibiting what kind of immature aspect of adolescent thought according to Elkind?
a. Imaginary audience
b. Personal fable
c. Unique invulnerability
d. Reflective thinking
b. Personal fable
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a. Imaginary audience: The belief that one is the center of attention and that others are constantly observing and judging one’s behavior, leading to self-consciousness and concern about how one is perceived by others.
b. Personal fable: The belief that one’s experiences, thoughts, and feelings are unique and exceptional, leading to a sense of invincibility or immunity to the consequences that others may face.
c. Unique invulnerability: Similar to the personal fable, this concept refers to the belief that one is immune to the risks and consequences that affect other people, leading to risky behaviors and a disregard for potential dangers.
d. Reflective thinking: The process of examining and evaluating one’s own thoughts, beliefs, and experiences in order to gain insight and understanding. It involves considering different perspectives and critically analyzing one’s own thoughts and actions.
