P5 BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards
types of liver failure
fulminant hepatic failure and
sub-fulminant hepatic failure
fulminant hepatic failure occurs in ( weeks )
8 weeks
sub-fulminant hepatic failure ( weeks)
26 weeks
mention at least 4 Signs and symptoms of liver failure
-Encephalopathy
- Cerebral edema
- ascites
- jaundice
- upper GI bleeding
- HTN , bradycardia
mention at least 4 causes of liver failure
- Acetaminophen overdose
- hepatitis
- toxins
- cancer
- metabolic diseases
- herbal supplements
- autoimmune diseases
2 diagnostic features that necessitate hospital admission
- Prolonged PT
- mental status changes
NADPH keeps glutathione in the reduced form.
Where do we get it from
HAEXOS-monophosphate shunt
A precursor of glutathione, it increases the concentration of glutathione
N-acetylcysteine
enzyme that reduces Glutathione
Glutathione reductase
Acetaminophen is primarily metabolized by
conjugation
Consequences of Acute Hepatic Failure
- pH & Electrolyte imbalance
-Increase in blood ammonia - Hypoalbuminaemia
causes of hepatorenal failure
- vasoconstriction of the renal circulation
- due failure of detoxifications
Metabolite that causes liver damage in Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
N -acetyl-p –benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI).
Contraindications of liver biopsy
Coagulo- pathy
liver cells that synthesises albumin
Hepatocyte
liver cells that are part of the reticuloendothelial system
Kupffer cells
2 examples of liver detoxification functions
1- phenobarbital
2-estrogen degradation
Failure of estrogen degradation by the liver in alcoholic male results in
1-gynecomastia
2-telangiectasis
impairment of glucose homoeostasis leading to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is known as
hepatic diabetes phenomenon
