P3 PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure

Answer 1

14±3 mmHg with an upper limit of 20 mmHg.

Question 2

hemodynamic definition of pulmonary hypertension

Answer 2

an mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg at rest

Question 3

mPAP may be increased due to

Answer 3

1. Increase in CO
2. Increase in pulmonary resistance
3. Decrease in pulmonary compliance

Question 4

Peripheral congestion can lead to

Answer 4

Edema in lower legs and hands

Question 5

Venous congestion will lead to

Answer 5

Abdominal visceral congestion

Question 6

the pressure measured by wedging a pulmonary catheter with an inflated balloon into a small pulmonary arterial branch is known as

Answer 6

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure

Question 7

Normal PCWP value

Answer 7

6–12mmHg.

Question 8

conditions that elevate LAP

Answer 8

-left ventricular failure
- mitral / aortic valve stenosis

Question 9

dilatation and hypertrophy of the RV secondary to primary hypertension refers to

Answer 9

Cor Pulmonale

Question 10

Causes of cor Pulmonale ( 2 causes )

Answer 10

1. Chronic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
2. Pulmonary vascular changes as a result of tissue damage.

Question 11

Pathological conditions that cause RBBB including:

Answer 11

• Cor pulmonale
• Pulmonary embolism (PE)
• Ischemic heart disease

Question 12

The ECG criteria for a right bundle branch block (3 points )

Answer 12

1- widened QRS complex
2- bunny ear pattern ( leads V1-V3 )
3- prolonged S waves in leads V5 & V6